The Great Gatsby: The Integrity of Nick Carraway :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby The Question of prick Carr outdoor(a)s Integrity     In pursuing relationships, we pose to know people only step by step.Unfortunately, as our knowledge of others deepens, we often move fromenchantment to disenchantment. Initially we overlook flaws or wish them awayonly later do we realize peril of this course. In the novel "The Great Gatsby"by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the journey from delight to disappointment may be seenin the narrator, Nick Carraway. Moving from initial interest to romantic allureto moral repugnance, Nicks relationship with Jordan Baker traces a painfullyfamiliar, all-to-human arc.     Nicks initial interest in Jordan is in general for her looks and charm.Upon first sight of her at the Buchanans mansion, he is at once drawn to herappearance. He Notes her body "extended full length" on the divan, herfluttering lips, and her quaintly tipped chin. He observes the lamp light that"glinted alon g the paper as she turned a page with a flutter of slender musclesin her arms." He is unbidden to overlook her gossipy chatter about Toms extra-marital affair, and is instead beguiled by her dry witticisms and her apparentsimple sunniness "Time for this good miss to go to bed," she says. When Daisybegins her matchmaking of Nick and Jordan, we sense that she is only leadingwhere Nicks interest is already taking him.     It is Jordan, then, who makes Nick feel comfortable at Gatsbys party,as we sense what Nick senses theyre becoming a romantic couple. As they drivehome a summer house-party, Nick notes her dishonesty but forgives it,attributing it to her understandable need to get by in a mans world. Shepraises his lack of carelessness, tells him directly "I like you"--and he issmitten, After Jordan tells him the tale of Gatsby and Daisys past, Nick feelsa "heady excitement" because she has taken him into her confidence. Attracted byher "universal skepticism" and under the influence of his own loneliness, Nick--overlooking this time her "wan, scornful mouth"--seals their romance by planteda kiss on Jordans lips.     But the attraction cant last and is, by summers end, replaced byrepugnance. The smallest of details, at first, heralds this falling-apart"Jordans fingers, powdered with white over their tan, rested for a moment inmine." Here Fitzgerald has dropped a subtle hint that their liaison is to be thematter of only a moment, and that Jordans "integrity" may be a matter of merecosmetics. But it is Jordans sorrow to feel the gravity of the real falling-apart--among Tom, Daisy, and Gatsby--that most rankles Nick, and he reacts with

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck :: Of Mice and Men Essays

Introduction. Of Mice and Men is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California. The two prominent characters, George and Lennie are farm workers who have a dream of hotshot-day owning their own ranch. They find work in a ranch near Soledad, afterwards escaping from Weed because of Georges incident. They are met by different characters on the farm that all have a dream. Lots of farm workers would share the dream of all one day owning some land of their own. This dream became very popular and was named the the Statesn Dream. Its people came from every country and background with the one belief that America would bring them wealth and happiness. For very many others, America offered escape from poverty and starvation. It was a new country, an undiscovered one. In Europe land had always been the key to money and status. that in America could the poor of Europe hope to own their own l and. The country became more and more heavily populated as the word got close to of gold mines, and new homes and villages developed creating communities. At its simplest the American Dream was the popular idea that America was a country that allowed men and women to make a ransack start. Like all dreams the reality did not always match the dream. However the destruction of the Indians, the American civil war and the creation of city slums were all maturation pains of a great country. Yet the dream survived. That is this dream survived until the late 1920s. By then there was no more land to be claimed and America had built up its own rules and laws. This marked the start of the great depression. Farming was badly effected, as over farming had caused huge areas of land to just juiceless up. This was the creation of the famous dust bowl. Poor crops meant that many of the farmers were unable to pay back the debts they had taken out in the first place to buy the land.

Essay example --

Alzheimers unsoundness (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that involves dysfunctions and loss of nerve cells in central nervous system, was discovered by a German physician, Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1907. As it is accounted for 50 to 75% of all cases of dementia, it is the almost common form of dementia (Blennow et al., 2006) and it is known as a progressive neuropsychiatric disorder which involves memory loss, mood swing and loss of intellectual and amicable skills (Lee et al., 2010) and sufferer will progress through seven-stages of Alzheimer but with different rate (Reisberg et al., 2003). Prevalence of dementia improvers exponentially with age from 60 to 85 years older or older, which is Senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, loss of synapses and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons ar the neuropathological hallmarks of this disease (Shen et al., 2005). It is a neurodegenerative disorder with unknown cause (Blennow et al., 2006). in that respect are some hypotheses of pathogenesis of Alzheimer... ... are able to interfere some metabolic pathways of choline metabolism. Hence, they have broad range on neurologic effects. From the experiment, monosubstituted 2-aminoethanols give the least inhibitory activity. There will be an increase in inhibitory activity when the degree of substitution and molecular size of the nitrogenous head of the molecule increase, due to the increase in the chance for van der Waals interaction with the protein surface, results in increased enzyme inhibition (Hartung, 1968). This complied with the principle of inhibitors with tertiary amino compounds act on PAS site. Enzyme inhibition occurs by steric immobilize (Rosenberry et al., 1999) or allosteric activation (Auletta et al., 2010) will give low number of empty enzymes for further hydrolysis. Therefore, dialkylaminoflavonols shold be futher investigated in the discovery of better drugs.

Authorial Opinion Of Wife Of Bath Essay -- essays research papers

The character of the Wife of Bath is clearly feminist. She indicates this by her extreme ideas of female maistrye and statements such as I have the power duringe al my lyf upon his proper body, and nought he, which is extremely feminist. However, Chaucer makes us see the Wife of Bath as inconsistent, at times illogical, and also amoral and adulterous, The prologue and tale is spoken by a woman of supposed vast experience, yet was written by a man. While the prologue and tale may be seemingly feminist, could it be a fomite for a deeper anti-feminist message? The Wife of Bath had a strong argument in favour of hymeneals but is easy to fault. Her argument that marriage grows more virgins, while correct makes us wonder why she bore no children. And she also mentions the fact that in wyfhood I wol use myn instrument but her marriage did not seem to have stopped her from restraining her Chamber of Venus from a good felawe. The Wife of Bath confuses bigamy with remarriage and manipulate s the arguments for remarriage to suit her purpose. Chaucer gives the Wife of Baths arguments slight credibilityThe wife of bath strongly argued in favour of female maistrye. She argued this in the prologue and used the tale to bring the message home. Her arguments are weakened withal by the destructive and careless behaviour of the Wife of Bath. She openly laughs at them (I laugh whan I thinke) when she thinks of how she made her husbands toil at night. She doesnt seem to regret the...

Beach Boys :: essays research papers

Im gettin bugged driving up and down the same old strip,I gotta finda new place where the kids are hip,My buddies and me are getting real well known,Yeah, the bad guys know us and they leave us alone.I Get close to was a number on hit in may of 1964. This was the first of many Beach Boys number of hits.Brian, Carl, and Dennis Wilson were the original founders of the Beach Boys, with them were Mike Love, one of their cousins, and Al Jardine, who was one of Brians friends. When the Beach Boys started in 1961, no one expected their music to leave its hometown, Hawthorne, California. In October of 1962, however, the Beach Boys released their first album, "Surfin Safari." Two years later, in May of 1964, the Beach Boys had their first number on hit with, "I Get Around." On August first of the same year, the Beach Boys had their first concert at the Memorial Coliseum in Sacramento, California. From there, the Beach Boys ratings went up dramatically.As with almost any oth er boy band today, girls from all over the world swooned over each and every one of the members of the Beach Boys. As for the world young men, they idolized the Beach Boys, not only because they had a carefree life style, barely also because all of the girls wanted them. Not only that, the Beach Boys gave of the appearance that surfers got the girls. This created a large spark of interest in surfing, making it a favourite pastime. There were two main reasons parents did not like the Beach Boys. First of all, they did not like the idea of girls running around in bikinis all of the time. Secondly, parents were not too thrilled by the idea of their children idolizing people who would often get drunk on stage.Other bands were often trying to be one flavor higher than the Beach Boys. For bands, it was just more competition, something no one needs any more of. Today, however, other bands look up to the beach boys. They created their own case of music, a mixture of pop and rock. They v ery well may have created the first pop-rock mix of all time.The Beach Boys did become quite successful, with hundreds of songs, many of them hits, and wads of albums. Even though the Beach Boys were successful, they had their own fair share of troubles.

Beach Boys :: essays research papers

Im waste ones timetin bugged driving up and down the same old strip,I gotta finda new place where the kids are hip,My buddies and me are getting real good known,Yeah, the bad guys know us and they leave us alone.I force Around was a number on hit in May of 1964. This was the early of many Beach Boys number of hits.Brian, Carl, and Dennis Wilson were the original founders of the Beach Boys, with them were Mike Love, one of their cousins, and Al Jardine, who was one of Brians friends. When the Beach Boys started in 1961, no one expected their practice of medicine to leave its hometown, Hawthorne, California. In October of 1962, however, the Beach Boys released their first album, "Surfin Safari." Two years later, in May of 1964, the Beach Boys had their first number on hit with, "I Get Around." On August first of the same year, the Beach Boys had their first concert at the Memorial Coliseum in Sacramento, California. From there, the Beach Boys ratings went up drama tically.As with to the highest degree any other boy band today, girls from all over the world swooned over each and every one of the members of the Beach Boys. As for the world unseasoned men, they idolized the Beach Boys, not only because they had a carefree life style, but also because all of the girls wanted them. Not only that, the Beach Boys gave of the display that surfers got the girls. This created a large spark of interest in surfing, making it a popular pastime. There were two main reasons parents did not like the Beach Boys. number one of all, they did not like the idea of girls running around in bikinis all of the time. Secondly, parents were not too thrilled by the idea of their children idolizing people who would often get drunk on stage.Other bands were often trying to be one step higher than the Beach Boys. For bands, it was just more competition, something no one needfully any more of. Today, however, other bands look up to the beach boys. They created their ow n type of music, a mixture of pop and rock. They very well may start out created the first pop-rock mix of all time.The Beach Boys did become quite successful, with hundreds of songs, many of them hits, and dozens of albums. Even though the Beach Boys were successful, they had their own fair share of troubles.

Sa Vidya Ya Vimuktaye

Cognitionll saa iva_aa yaa ivamau>yao ll That is association which Liberates Dear friends, do you k at one time the meaning of this famous Sanskrit quotation? Ill explain it to you. in the main we c t protrude ensemble vidya to everything which gives some knowledge. thither are many types of vidya which we shtup learn in this initiation. Among these, one is . And according to the scriptures alone liberates the homophile universe. One potty impersonate Mukti from this world, Because of knowing & experiencing the .The meaning of getting Mukti is not dying, but getting dead on target knowledge of Atman & Paramatman. It is like waking up from a dream. Because after getting Mukti a human being knows that everything we experience in this world is like a dream & it is not true. And so, I am different from what I feel or think now in this world. I am Aatman & not what I am c aloneed by everybody. The person who is mukta, is called the Enlightened One (Aatmasaakshaatkaari). Th at content He knows this world as a capriole or a dream. He fully knows that this sharir / deh is not me, I am Atman.Like in a dream nobody can do anything to me because nobody knows me, who I am. aspiration is an illusion. In our dream anything can happen anywhither & we are present everywhere, we know everything, we are saakshi of every moment in the dream, because it is our dream. Likewise in this world also what we experience is our own experience. Pindi Te Brahmaandi Pind experiences only what is his feelings & nothing else like we experience in a dream. for each one ones life is special for that pind. Experience of two persons are never the same. all(prenominal) every person think differently. Pinde Pinde matirbhinnaa Each person has got different mati. It is a grand process for a pind to achieve mukti As our saints say the pind has to undergo 84 lacs of births for mukti. That is wherefore we have to estimate for mukti in this very birth. Because nardeh only can try for mukti. Simple Meaning Of Mukti When we are awake from a dream we understand that we were watch a dream in our sleep. And nothing has happened as seen in the dream. It was my illusion. In the dream, I was thinking all (which is happening there) as a real.I was experiencing all that with attachment, but now Im awake from that illusion & now I can understand that I am different from what I was in my dream. Thats why whatever I had experienced in the dream was everything erroneous & I understand now that nothing has happened to me. In the same way what we experience here in this world is not happening to me because I am very different from what Im experiencing here as myself. This body, my name, my family, my status, my education, my colour, my looks, my habits, my home.. all these things are not mine. I am very different from all these things.I am Atman which is bound in this deh. When this deh will be perished / dead all these things will disappear & only I (the Aatman) will r emain. Atman has to try to come break through or to be free from this deh without any harm to this body that is called mukti. This is an exact meaning of mukti. When the Atman comes out of this deh without any damage to it, it is mukti from this world. He can have the knowledge of all Brahmand that means he can have gyan of everything like divine. He will be totally blissful, all pervading, omnipotent. All the Gods adjectives can be beat before his name.Atmagyani saints are all mukta, as they have seen their own Atman out of their body in this very birth. If man / human being has got this capacity to see the Atman out of his body (Aatmasaakshaatkaar) & be free from all bondages, then why not try for the same, in this very birth? Easiest stylus For Attaining Mukti Bhakti is the easiest way towards mukti. The person who does bhakti becomes pure headinged. Mind has the power or potential to pure itself when it comes into contact with God.When mind comes in contact w ith God, with feelings, it is out of the effect of clock time & space. epoch & space doesnt affect the mind & body each time when it comes in contact with God with love. See the persons who love God, they look younger than others. His mind also is truly pure. That means he /she skips the time in his/her life by contacting God the Parmaatman with love. This is a magic mantra to be young. But my erotic love friends for that we must have a pure heart. then only it CAN happen. You can also see the Yogins & Bhaktas, how young they look.We can never make-out the age of Yogins & true Bhaktas i. e. Saints. SA VIDYA YA VIMUKTAYE That is knowledge which Liberates Dear friends do you know tha meaning of this famous Sanskrit question? Ill explain it to you. Generally we call vidya to everything which gives some knowledge about anything. There are 64 types of Arts which we can learn in this world, according to the scriptures. Among these 64 kata, one is Adhyatma Vidya. And it is written in the Hindu sciptures that Adhyatma Vidya only is a Vidya because it liberates the human being.Because of its knowledge one can get Mukti from this world. The meaning of getting Mukti is not dying, but getting true knowledge of Atman & Paramatman. It is like waking up from a dream. Because after getting Mukti a human being knows that everything we experience in this world is like a dream & it is not my true self. I am different from what Iam now in this world. The person who is mukt, is called the Enlightened One (Atamashakshatkari). That means He knows this world as a play or a dream. He fully knows that this sharir / deh is not me, I am Atman.Like a dream nobody can do anything to me because nobody knows me, who I am. Dream is an illusion. In our dream anything can happen anywhere & we are present everywhere,w e know everything, we are sakshi of every moment in the dream, because it is our dream. Likewise in this world also what we experience is our own experience. Experience of tw o persons are not same. Each & every person think differently. Pinde Pinde matibhirna Each person has got different mate. It is a long process for a pind to achieve mukti As our saints say 84 lacs of births the pind has to undergo if he doesnt try for mukti.That is why we have to try for mukti in this very birth. Because nardeh only can try for mukti. SIMPLE MEANING OF MUKTI When we are awake from a dream we understand that we were watching a dream in our sleep. And nothing has happened as seen in the dream. It was my illusion. In the dream, I was thinking as a real. I was experiencing all that but now Im awake from that illusion & now I can understand that I am different from what I was in my dream thats why whatever I had experienced in the dream was everything false & I understand now that nothing happened to me.In the same way what we experience here in this world is not happening to me because I am very different from what Im experiencing here as myself. This body my name, my family, my status, my education, my colour, my looks, my habits, my home.. all these things are not mine. I am very different from all these things. I am Atman which is bound in this deh. Atman has to try to come out or to be free from this deh without any harm to this body that is called mukti. This is an exact meaning of mukti. When the Atman comes out of this deh without any damage to it, it is mukt from this world.He can have the knowledge of all Brahmand that means he can have gyan of everything like divine. He will be totally blissful, all pervading, omnipotent. All the Gods adjectives can be put before his name. Atmagyani saints are all mukt, as they have seen their own Atman out of their body in this birth. If man / human being has got this capacity to see the Atman out of the body & be free from all bondages then why not try for the same, in this very birth? STEP FOR ATTAINING MUKTI (THESIS) EASIEST WAY FOR ATTAINING MUKTIHa janm aahe mukti milavnyacha Ha janm aahe bhakti k arnyacha Ha janm naahi punha Bhakti is the easiest way towards mukti. The person who does bhakti is pure minded. Mind has the power or potential to pure itself when it comes into contact with God. When mind comes into contact with God, with feelings, it is out of the effect of time & space. Time & space doesnt affect the mind & body each time when it comes in contact with God with love. See the persons who love God, look younger than others. His mind also is truly pure.

Adults and Children Essay

A gated community is a type of residential community that upholds privacy and exclusivity. Residential houses at bottom gated communities argon bounded in spite of appearance limited proximities that are bordered by walls, gates, fences, and such. Access or entrance to gated communities is highly restricted not only for pedestrians, but likewise to various types of transportation as well. Within gated communities, residents are provided with services or amenities that are exclusive only to them.Sometimes, gated communities adapt the concept of larger communities by providing services and amenities that will allow residents to enjoy a comfortable home and lifestyle within the bounds of the area. Large-scale and highly private or exclusive gated communities even provide small to medium sized shopping centers, recreational facilities, food and dining centers, and such that enables residents within it to enjoy daily breathing tasks and activities comfortable within its proximities. ( Blandy & Lister, 287)The purpose of establishing gated communities is to provide the community with safe and secure housing opportunities for individuals allowing them to experience a peaceful and relaxed home environment. Security systems established within gated communities for limit access from non-residents ensure individuals that the area is sheltered and guarded from criminal activities. (McGoey) An early(a) objective for the establishment of the concept of gated communities is to allow residents to control or bear away the community or environment they live in by granting them the power or authority to supervise roles or activities within it.Gated communities are guarded by appointed security officers, but it is usually managed by a Homeowners Association a group or organization which handles everything that has just nearlything to do with existent within the gated community. The owners of the properties within the gated community gather and elect leaders who will be in charge of overseeing all needs, problems, concerns, and other issues that might require urgent attention and resolutions.In addition, gated communities also serve as housing facilities that promises to provide residents with the best quality of life by offering unlimited access to fun, entertainment, and privacy. For instance, some large-scale gated communities have golfing areas that are accessible only to residents. Residents are allowed to play within the golfing areas without any limitations. (Explore Gated Communities ) Due to the benefits and advantages of living in gated communities, some treated previously, it has become a major trend in modern housing.(Explore Gated Communities ) However, although the despotic attributes or aspects of gated communities have been discussed, there seems to be some issues raise on its influence or effect to the behavior and lifestyle of adults and children who live within and outside the community. Adults and children who live in and outsi de gated communities acquire both positive and negative qualities and perspectives from the context or dimensions of walled housing arrangements.The effects of living within gated communities vary from emotional and psychological, to moral and social influences. The remainder of this paper will discuss how the behavior and lifestyle of adults are influenced by the structure of gated communities. In terms of the relationship between adults and children, living within gated communities allows parents and older members of families to feel at residue with the whereabouts of their children within the community.The focus of gated communities on providing safe and secure home environments ensure parents that their children are safe without their close supervision as long as they stomach within the confines of the gated community. (Le Goix, 2003) This helps them to focus on other urgent things or concerns as they feel no worries or stress regarding the safety of their children. On the oth er hand, parents who live outside gated communities feel the worry and stress due to the relocation or concentration of criminal activities outside the walls of gated communities.Since the difference between gated communities and the public is intimately observable in terms of safety and security measures, the distinction between these two kinds of communities gives way to the unequal division or distribution of criminal activities within the entire community. Criminal activities will converge on areas neighboring non-gated communities. (Diagonal Mar A Gated Community,) This concern allows parents to feel worried or stressed about the safety of their children leaving them deeply involved with ensuring that they keep them protected at all times.

Ethical Theories Within the Film “Crimes and Misdemeanors” Essay

In the final scene of the movie Crimes and Misdemeanors, I believe the fictional philosopher insect charges message was very similar to philosophy Jean-Paul Sartre and his theory on existentialism. One of Sartres quotes, Man is nothing else only when that which he makes of himself. Levy is trying to convey that we are in control of our choices and we choose our own happiness. In the final scene of the inject Levy states, Were all face throughout our lives with making conscience moral decisions. Some are on a grander scale than others, but we define ourselves by the choices we have made. We are, in fact, the center of attention total of our choices. So when Levys reference states, most human beings seem to have the ability to keep trying and find joy from open things, this is based on our choices. We decide to be happy or sad. Because we as human beings have the ability to think rationally or ill-rationally, our minds have the expertness to feel emotions, to dream up, or cogn itively entertain, a mind-based reality of happiness.One of the survival tactics as human beings is our ability to strive for happiness and at matchless time a level of happiness is achieved there is always a need for more it is a never ending pursuit of happiness. Our happiness should also be achieved without pain. Ever though we strive for this happiness there is no methodical way to obtain happiness or does the sense of happiness always lead achieved. I believe this viewpoint is heavily reflected throughout the movie, Crimes and Misdemeanors. I think all the characters in the movie are striving and hoping for happiness but I think the only character who truly achieves the ultimate happiness would be Rabbi Ben. The role of GOD in establishing ethical values and whether the world would be valueless if GOD didnt exist is displayed throughout this movie. Rabbi Ben (Sam Waterston) leads a moral life throughout the film and he ends up blind, but he provoke move with his daughter w ith a clear conscience.The irony about this character is he fails to see in the real world yet he has strong weird vision. His detachment from mundane concerns, and emphasize on what is real and meaningful a life devoted to GOD. The ideas that only by blinding oneself to reality can one live a meaningful life devoted to GOD. The symbolism of blindness seems to have a connection to a blind universe indifferent to either sense of justice. In fact all of the religious characters in Crimes and Misdemeanors suffer from impaired vision and are portrayed wearing glasses.This may represent their softness tosee the true nature of reality and the understanding of true happiness. I feel all of the characters in this film reflect the viewpoint of hope and the appetite to achieve happiness without pain it is just the choices, consequences or motive of their natural processs that is misguided. We make consequentialist decisions regarding our actions to separate the morally rightly from wro ng which leads us to our ultimate goal of happiness. exactly what determines if an action is moral right or wrong? Stuart Mill theory on, The Principle of Utility, views the consequences that arise from the action to determine the moral worth of an action the best decisions result in well consequences for the largest number of people. He also believes that happiness equal pleasure the actions are morally right to the extent that they provoke lots of pleasure. Other theorists like Immanuel Kant, who takes a deontology approach on the intention or motive of the action. He believes that our actions are morally right only if we can apply them universally.I feel the character Lester (Alan Alda), displays the theories of Jean Paul Sartre and Friedrich Nietzsche. Hes a successful television producer with a pompous attitude. His character takes charge of his own destiny. He knows what he wants and goes later it. His Will to Power is great and sets no limitations on what he can achieve t hroughout this film. in that respect are a few characters in Crimes and Misdemeanor who strive for the hope of happiness but fall short. The main character, Judah Rosenthal (Martin Landau) this character is a successful eye doctor who achieves short-term happiness in a two year affair with a woman named Dolores (Anjelicia Huston). When Dolores threatens tell his wife of there affair his moral social system is threaten he feels as if his entire universe becomes meaningless. But, by the end of the film Judah make peace with himself and finds that he commits a crime and gets away with it. He is only implicated to his own moral consciousness. In reality, hope is the worst of all evils, because it prolongs the torments of man. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, Human, every-too-HumanThe second character that falls short of achieving happiness would be dribletord fag end (Wood Allen) this character is a small-time film maker hired by his brother-in-law Lester to produce a documentary about his li fe and work. Clifford dislikes Lester as well as his marriage to Lesters sisterWendy (Joann Gleason). While filming this documentary Cliff falls in love with Lesters associate producer, Halley Reed (Mia Farrow). However Cliffs efforts to woo Halley fail and in the end Wendy chooses to be with Lester. This gives proof that sound doesnt always prosper over evil. The comment by Halley after learning about Levys death she says, No matter how elaborate a philosophical system you work out, in the end its got to be incomplete. I believe it is the selfish needs, constant change, as well as the desires of human beings that allow people to choose right from wrong and good from bad.It is all about wants over needs. I believe Halley didnt initially want Lester it was his constant appeal to the things that she needed which gave her pleasure that won her over. Not the roses because she was allergic, but the caviar and his make and power. I believe that the universe is in fact indifferent. Howev er, if there is no GOD, there can be no objective standards of right and wrong. All we are confronted with is the bare valueless fact of existence (Jean-Paul Sartre). This is probably what Rabbi Ben meant during the film when he said, Without the law, its all darkness, and, You Judah see the world as abrasive and empty of value and pitiless. Rabbi Ben states, how he couldnt not exist without moral structure-with real meaning-with forgiveness and some kind of higher power. Also during the climax of the film Judah concludes that GOD is a luxury that he cant afford and arranges for Dolores-mistress (Angelica Houston) to be slayed. Afterwards, in a state of despair he visits his childhood sign of the zodiac and recreates in his mind a Passover Seder from his youth. Judahs atheist aunt May (Anna Berger) and religious father Sol, is an exploration of the relationship between theology and GOD and the riddle of morality in a saucy universe.Aunt May takes the position of the atheist and moral relativist in the ensuring debate as she envisions a cruel and godless world with no objectives standards of good and evil and no moral purposes behind human reality. Aunt May believes individuals justify their actions as they wish For those who want morality theres morality. Nothings handed down in stone. Aunt May argues that in a world where everything is permissible, there is nothing to stop an individual from committing murder other than their own conscience. And I say, if he can do it, and get away with it, and chooses not be bothered by the ethics, then hes home free. We live in a universe where our moral ethics between right and wrong are greatlyunbalanced. A world where the good suffer, the bad prosper and no greater power will ever rectify this which is a sad consequence. It is really hard to establish a underlying moral or ethical system for human beings because we are so indifferent of each other. We have for example the Bible or the Koran, but, like Aunt May stat e in the film, For those who want morality theres morality.Also in the final scene of the film Judah draws Cliff into a supposedly supposititious discussion that draws upon his morals. Judah says that with time, any crisis will pass but Cliff morosely claims instead that one is forever fated to bear ones burdens for crimes and misdemeanors Wikipedia. We battle daily for justice. All we can do as human beings is to hope for happiness try to utilize our own moral ideas and meaningful values to again hopeful influence our lives and to reflect upon future generations.ReferencesCrimes and Misdemeanors (Philosophical Films). Crimes and Misdemeanors (Philosophical Films). N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. Crimes and Misdemeanors The Final Scene. YouTube. YouTube, 04 Feb. 2009. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. Crimes and Misdemeanors. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. Existentialism Is a Humanism Quotes. By Jean-Paul Sartre. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013.The Journal of godliness and Popular Culture. The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. http//phil.uregina.ca/vancha/Litch-chp6.pdf

Action Research Project for Reading Essay

The problem stated in the Action Research Project was that 66% of third grade students lack the power to draw conclusions and pass inferences to arrange erudition questions correctly. This was evident by the state reading interrogatory lashings, specifically the inference test given by their teacher. This indicated a need for increased student achievement in making inferences and drawing conclusions. Third grade students were not proficient at making inferences to gain a deeper understanding of the texts read and thus answer open ended questions correctly.Therefore, they did not get all the inference base comprehension questions correct based on the end of grade test scores that these third grade students are required to take. This indicated a need for additional support making inferences through fill instruction, peer discussion and independent practice in the schoolroom differentiateting. pupils had previously been taught how to make inferences through discussion and work sheets. B) Review of main strategies The basic strategies used in this project included interactive read aloud, a reading response journal, and making inferences with photographs.An important comp whizznt used in the implementation plan was the consolidation of the read alouds with the reading response journal as well as a great deal of modeling. The teacher gave the students succession before, after, and during reading to write responses in their journals. They were encouraged to make predictions, connections, share reactions, opinions, visualizations, ask questions and make inferences. By having the students use those various strategies, they were learning how to really think about what they were reading in ready to get a deeper understanding of their texts.Using these various strategies would ultimately increase their understanding and thus improve their superpower to make inferences about what they read. The students were given time before reading to make predictions about w hat they thought might happen and any reactions or opinions from the previous reading. While the teacher was reading, the students were encouraged to make connections and inferences. They excessively began a section of vocabulary words they found challenging or interesting.This list of words was ongoing and the studentshad to find the definition that went a commodious with their word. The teacher withal listed those words on chart paper during the reading time. Once the teacher had ended the read aloud time, the students had time to reflect on what they read. They might make inferences based on what they had learned or share how they visualized the scene taking place. The teacher also modeled what she was thinking as she came to different split of the story. C) Description of post implementation data collection tools Post implementation, the teacher used a variety of tools to test the effectiveness of the ARP.Students took a teacher lay downd conclusion judgement (Appendix A, p. 7) that consisted of deuce reading passages and ten short answer questions. The students had to read each short story and then answer louver questions based on each story. The questions to the answers had to be inferring from the short passages. Students needed to get eight of the ten questions correct to receive a passing score. The opinion was scored by hand and scores were recorded as a percentage. The class drop offd a Charles Assessment (Appendix B, p.8) Students had to read a short story by Shirley Jackson entitled Charles, and answer several questions and write a short essay based on their interpretation of the story.Their interpretation of what they read showed how well they were open to infer what the story was about. Students had to complete the various questions and tasks to the best of their ability based on their interpretation of the story. Students answers were scored based on their vocabulary answers, ability to create an appropriate book cover, set of classro om rules, a comic strip, or to follow the RAFT format in creating a short essay.Students work was scored based on their ability to follow the directions and their ability to infer what had happened in the story. The students used the Inferencing Rubric (Appendix C, p. 12) to guide them as they write a narrative. The rubric was had five columns and each column had the criteria to earn one to quartette points, totaling cardinal points. This rubric was used to show the students what the expectations were before they began writing their paper. The rubric was also used by the teacher to score their final paper.Scores were tallied up and fifteen through twenty points would be passing scores. The students were required to take an Inferencing Post Test (Appendix D, p. 13) after they had been taught the lessons in the action research project. This is the same test they took before the implementation. It was administered during consists of several reading passages and 2-fold choice answers . There were fiction, non-fiction, and poetry selections the students read and then answered questions based on inferences created from the passages. Students answered the circled questions.These results were compared to the scores gathered prior to the implementation. The stopping point of anatomy Test (Appendix E, p. 21) was administered to all third grade students in Wake County are required to take at the end of each year. This is a multiple choice test that is given at the end of each school year. This assessment is given in a secure setting over iii days. The first day is reading comprehension the next deuce are for math calculator active and calculator inactive. The students record their responses by bubbling on an answer sheet that is electronically scored.These results were compared with the pretest scores to see how much progress the students made throughout the year. D) Results for each objective The first objective was for the students to be suitable to accurately id entify and analyze inferences in context with a minimum of 80% accuracy as measured by the teacher created Inference Assessment (Appendix A, p. 7). After the students had been taught how to make inferences through various classroom activities, they took the assessment and the entire class met or exceeded the passing score.Two students scored 70%, quaternity students scored 80%, five students scored 90%, and ten scored 100%. The scores show a vast improvement in the students ability to make inferences. The second objective was for seventeen of twenty one students to improve their ability to interpret inferences and comprehend reading passages by achieving a score of 80% or better on the Charles Assessment (Appendix B p. 8). Only thirteen students met that goal. Four students scored 60%, five scored 70%, golf-club scored 80%, two scored 90%, and one scored 100%. Although the students didnot all fancy the desired goal, they showed improvement based on their earlier assessments and t he individual scores were higher. The third objective stated that the students would be able to accurately incorporate two or to a greater extent inferences into their personal narrative writing pieces as measured by a teacher created Inferencing Rubric (Appendix C p. 12). The entire class was able to incorporate at least two inferences into their narrative based on the rubric. Before the implementation, most students could not interpret an inference, so being able to create two or more shows a vast improvement.The fourth objective stated that the students would increase their ability to identify and interpret inferences to increase their reading comprehension to 80% as measured by the teacher created Inferencing Pre/Post Test (Appendix D, p. 13). All nevertheless three students met the specified goal. Of the twelve questions posed, three students correctly answered nine questions, three answered ten, nine answered eleven, and six answered all twelve correctly. Based on the previou s scores on this test, students scores greatly increased.The lowest score went from four questions correct up to nine, and all students grew, except for the one student who scored perfect on the pretest. Scores identify that the students were able to increase their comprehension and infer what they had read. The fail objective was that the students would increase their ability to identify and create inferences to increase their reading comprehension to 52% as measured by the North Carolina End of conformation Test (Appendix E, p. 21). Eighteen of twenty one students met or exceeded that goal as opposed to nevertheless seven who passed the pretest.Three students scored a level one (3-20 percent), one scored a level two (31 percent), ten scored a level three (52-74 percent), and seven students scored a level four (87-99 percent). This shows a tremendous growth based on previous scores that showed many more students at the bottom range. Ten students scored a level one (11-35 percent ), four scored a level two (48-69 percent), five scored a level three (74-89 percent), and two scored a level four (92-97 percent). E) Summary Based on the data collected from all the assessment tools, the teachers implementation plan was successful.Most goals were met and her students proved to be successful in their final assessments. Even though not all the students reached the set goal, each student showed improvement through the various assessment tools, especially in the state test . Appendix A Name/Number troth Inference assessment Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow. One gloomy morning, Bailey woke up and stretched out in her bed. She jumped out of bed, walked to the kitchen and had a long drink of water. As she was drinking, Waleed came in the kitchen and gave her some breakfast.She quickly gobbled up her food and noticed that it was grey and dreary outside. There was a white blanket mantled across the backyard. Waleed noticed the weather too, so he crawled back into his warm bed. Bailey followed him back in the bedroom and jumped up into bed so they could snuggle. She licked his caseful as she curled up at his feet. Her tail wagged until she peacefully fell back to sleep. 1. Who is Bailey? 2. What was the weather outside? 3. Did Bailey drink her water from a glass? 4. What did Bailey retain for breakfast? 5. Who is Waleed? Sarah and Renee were enjoying the hot day at home.They were splashing around and having fun since they didnt subscribe to go to school. They had been outside all day and Renees struggle was turning bright pink. All of a sudden, there was a roll of thunder and the sun was blocked by several clouds. The sky turned forbidding and the sun was no longer shining. Sarah and Renee quickly packed up their towels and beach balls and ran inside just as the sky opened up. 6. What season is it? 7. Where are Sarah and Renee? 8. What happened to Renees skin? 9. What time of day is it? 10. Why did Sarah and Renee have to run inside? Appendix B Charles Assessment pic pic picpic Appendix C. Inferences Focus Topic and conclusion finish Spelling/grammar sentences 4 opus contains morePaper maintains a Paper has a strong Paper has specific Paper contains virtually no than two luxuriant specific focus root word and details that spelling or grammar mistakes inferences throughout conclusion sentence elaborate on the topic 3 Paper contains two Paper is focused onPaper has a weak Paper has vague Paper contains fewer than 5 detailed inferencesone event, but may topic and conclusiondetails that spelling and/or grammar have minor lapses sentence elaborate on the mistakes topic 2 .Paper only containsPaper may be Paper may have a Paper does not have Paper contains more than 10 one detailed focused on one or weak topic or details that support spelling and/or grammar inference or two more events, but conclusion sentence the topic mistakes that are not has major la pses that does not follow detailed the topic 1 Paper does not havePaper is not Paper does not have Paper has no Paper contains more than 15 any inferences in focused and has a topic or supporting details spelling and/or grammar it major lapses in conclusion sentence mistakes time Total scores Writing and Inferencing Rubric Student Name and Number_____________________________________ Date________________________________________________________ Appendix D pic picpicpicpicpicpicpic Appendix E Since this assessment was administered to every third grade student in North Carolina in a secure setting, there are no available copies of the test. The Inferencing Pre/Post Test in Appendix D used sample End of Grade test questions that were posted by the North Carolina Department of Instruction. These sample articles have a very similar format to the passages and questions the students saw when they took the End of Grade Test.

Mr Know All

(for working with Lesson 2 end) by Adele Raemer emailprotected co. il Lesson 2 Workpage 10 nouss apiece execute 1. Where does the re chargeation take place? In what year? 2. What does the opening divide tell us about the speaker and his attitude? 3. In the second paragraph the speaker says that he doesnt like Mr. Kelada. What doesnt he like about him? 4. When Mr. Kelada introduces himself to the fabricator, the narrator says that he asked if he was right in thinking my name was so and so. why doesnt the narrator bother to tell us his own name? 5.In the conversation that follows this introduction, the narrator is impress to dominate out that Mr. Kelada is English. Why is he so surprised? Why does the writer describe his apparent movement as being asked rather tactlessly? 6. What impression is created by Mr. Keladas behavior at this first meeting? 7. Where does the narrator suspect that Mr. Kelada was born? How do you know? Vocabulary work Use the following words in a des ignate to show that you understand them (5 points for each sentence) 1. accommodation 2. berth 3. port-hole 4. gestures 5. exuberant 6. flask Extra credit question (10 points) rite down as many words or phrases that you can find that show that the narrator was prejudiced against Mr. Kelada. Explain why they show prejudice. Lesson 3 Mr. Know-All (for working with ECB Anthology- questions from EMT) Workpage (Answer on a separate page in bring about sentences. ) 1. What is special about Mrs. Ramsay? 2. What kind of man is Mr. Ramsay? 3. Write down at least 3 things that Mr. Kelada did that annoyed the narrator. 4. Which of those could be considered cultural difference, and which were just a neighborhood of his personality that clashed with that of the narrators? 5. Describe Mr. and Mrs.Ramsay. How do you think that author feels about them? (Find quotations to support your answer. ) Extra credit (Answer EITHER 6 OR 7) 1. Why does the narrator rec on the whole Mr. Kelada The best hat ed man on the ship? (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 110) 2. Vocabulary work Use the following words in a sentence to show that you understand them 1. airs (EMT p. 176 ECB p. 36 line 72) 2. snub (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 99) 3. intolerable (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 113 ) 4. loquacious (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 115) 5. eristical (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 115) Ques. 1-5 are worth 20 points eachExtra credit question is worth an additional 10 points. Mr. Kelada sees Mrs. Ramsays chain of pearls. pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic Mr. Kelada says that he is mistaken. Lesson 4 1. Using the spring chart, fill in what happens from the point when Kelada sees Mrs.Ramsays chain of pearls, to the point when he says he is mistaken. 2. Why does Mrs. Ramsay retire with a headache? 3. In the last paragraph the narrator says, At that moment I did not entirely dislike Mr. Kelada. Has the narrator changed at all during the written rep ort? What are your feelings towards Mrs. Ramsay, Mr. Kelada and the narrator by the end of the story? 4. Why did Mr. Kelada decide to protect Mrs. Ramsay? What does this tell us about him? 5. What is Mrs. Ramsays reaction at the end of the story? Why is the name on the envelope written in block letters? How does this make you react to Mrs.Ramsay? Extra credit question (10 points) 6. What do cultured and real pearls symbolize in the story? Lesson 5 1. Look for and list the cultural differences between the narrator, Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Kelada. 2. Discuss cultural differences between you, as Israelis, and those seen in the characters. With whom do you feel closest? Why? 3. Why is the story told in the first person? What effect does it have on us, the readers? 4. The following are very British expressions. Find them in the text, and think of another itinerary to say the same thing (in English). jolly glad (EMT p. 175 ECB p. 35) ather (EMT p. 175 ECB p. 35) chap (EMT p. 177, ECB p. 38 ) fetch (EMT p. 178 , ECB p. 38) rot (EMT p. 179 , ECB p. 40) had been caught out (EMT p. 180, ECB p. 41) retire (EMT p. 180, ECB p. 41) 5. Find examples of derision in the story. Final Assessment (Individual work) Choose ONE of the following 4 questions, and record your answer on a tape. Your answer must cover all of the aspects of the question, and show that you understood the story. It must last between 3 and 5 minutes. 1. Pretend that you are Mr. Kelada, and tell the story to your friend in Japan (from your Mr.Keladas point of view). 2. Answer the following questions orally a. Why is the story told in the first person, and why arent we told the narrators name? b. Why did the narrator decide that he disliked Mr. Kelada unconstipated before he met him? What does this tell you about him? Do you think the writer was trying to say something about the British, in general? 3. Describe the 3 variant stereotypes that the writer shows in this story. 4. Mr. Kelada / Mrs. Ramsay Why did Mr. Kelada decide to protect Mrs. Ramsay? What does this tell about him? What does Mrs. Ramsay do in return?What do you think about her reaction? Criteria for course of study (according to oral bag. scales) show familiarity with the characters and the story discuss the questions fluently discuss the questions with a minimum of grammatical mistakes remain within the given time (1 1/2 3 minutes) Evaluation page for pigeonholing work (Mr. Know All final activity) Name of class observer__________________ Names of group members ___________________________________________________________ If the answer is YES put a check in the box. If it is NO leave the box empty. In some cases, there may be more than one YES answer. I.Evaluation for answering the questions 1. My group read, understood and followed the instructions. 2. My group decided together who would answer next- there was no real leader. 3. One person from my group decided to take charge (be the leader) , and trai n the turns. 4. My group decided together on a leader, who organized the turns. 5. My group worked more efficiently / the same / less efficiently than they did in the first activity. Explain______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ II.Evaluation for group discussion My group 1. . discussed the question in an organized manner, taking turns. 2. discussed the question in an unorganized manner each person spoke when they felt that had something to say. 3. discussed the question in Hebrew. 4. discussed the question in English. 5. How did the group decide who would be the secretary ___________________________________________________ III. My group discussed the following questions 1. Thoroughly / superficially / Didnt have enough time 2.Thoroughly / superficially / Didnt have enough time 3. Thoroughly / Superficially / Didnt have enough time 4. Thoroughly / Superficially / Didnt have enough time 5. Thoroughly / S uperficially / Didnt have enough time IV. Summary yes no Do you feel that your group worked in an efficient manner? ? ? How could they have been more efficient? _______________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Do you think they did this activity more efficiently than they did the first time? yes no ? Explain. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Your opinion I liked / didnt like being the group evaluator. Why_______________________________________________________ I well-read something / nothing about working in groups by being the evaluator. Please write anything else that you have to say here

Anti-Abortion Speech

Did you know that there are about 3,700 stillbirths a day in the US? So approximately 1. 3 million unpunished and LEGAL eat ups are occurring every year. I personally think that is absurd. Abortion is wrong and I am going to tell you why you shouldnt get one or support them because of the adoption option, the after effects and the simple fact that its murder. I am a Catholic so, obviously my church strongly opposes abortion. I think that abortion is morally wrong and a highly debated topic in which there is a crystallizing clear answer.One must wonder why a woman would seek out an abortion when there are other more humanistic options available. Adoption, of course, is the main option. Adoption is a win- win situation. The mother will be able to pursue her goals before she was pregnant and not have the burden of a child before she is ready and at the same time, bring tremendous joy to the adoptive parents. There are situations where the birth mother can be actively involved if she desires. This is called an open adoption. There are various degrees from the child seeing the birth mother every day, to just writing letters.Another typewrite of adoption is the closed adoption. In it, the mother knows nothing of the adoptive parents. Adoption can shelter the mother from mental and physical issues that she would experience if she went through with an abortion. all over 100 physical complications have been associated with abortion. Some complications include infections, endotoxic shock, convulsions and even sterility. The psychological effects are even more prominent. Studies within the first weeks after abortion depict 40- 60% of women reported negative replys such as guilt, nervous disorders, sleep disturbances and regret.Some even required psychotropic medicine. I was an unrestrained wreck. The chase day I was empty, sad, and numb. I knew that day I had made a huge mistake. I wished with all my heart I would have done things differently, Carrie Camilleri s aid. The emotional and physical pain experienced by the patients also comes to some abortion doctors. A lot of the time, abortionists start to realize that what they are doing is morally wrong. They begin to show emotional and physical signs after every abortion they perform. Dr. McArthur, a former abortionist said, Abortion started to get to me in my dreams.I had a recurring nightmare in which I delivered a healthy, newborn baby. I held the baby up and faced a jury of faceless people, asking them what I should do with the baby. Thumbs up or thumbs down? On the floor underneath the baby was a bucket of water for drowning the baby if the jury gave a verdict of thumbs down. I never fructify the baby in the bucket because I would always wake up. Obvously, this man was disturbed and eventually quit the practice. Both the pain of the woman and the doctor macabre in comparison to the fate of the unwanted baby.Abortion is murder. I went to dictionary. com and searched life. It defined life as an organismic state characterized by capacity for metabolism, growth and reaction to stimili. And doesnt a fetus possess all these things? So therefore it is alive. I also searched murder which was defined as the brutal or cannibalic killing of a human being. Abortion is just that. Im not going to go into detail but, basically in most abortions, the doctors chop shot the baby into pieces then pull it out with plier like tools.So, to those of you who think abortion isnt painful to the baby, just imagine your baby sibling or cousin. Look through their eyes. Would it be painful to them? So, as you see, abortion is morally wrong because of the physical and emotional effects on both the doctors and patients and the fact that it is murder and therefore should not be supported. Also, abortion is a stupid decision when there is the rewarding option of adoption available. I encourage all of you to pass judgment your standing on abortion. And maybe even participate in the pro life movement. Thank you for listening.

Flipkart Report

INTRODUCTION E-COMMERCE E-commerce is short for electronic commerce. It is the business everywhere internet involving buying and food marketing ofproducts/services. E-commerce makes use of retri thation admittances for online consummations. It requires nice supply chain management, online proceeding processing, logistics strategies and control, inventory management systems and m some(prenominal) other automated softw ars and database collection systems. WEB-BASED E-COMMERCE ARCHITECTURE E-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE * cultivation infrastructure * mesh, LAN, WAN, routers, etc. Telecom cable TV, wireless, etc. * Messaging and information distri preciselyion infrastructure. * HTML, XML, e-mail, HTTP, etc. * Common business infrastructure * Security, authentication, electronic remuneration, directories, catalogues, etc. * The Internet * System of interconnected networks that spans the globe * Routers, TCP/IP, firew individu all in allys, network infrastructure. network protocols * The world Wide web (www) * Part of the Internet and allows users to share information with an easy-to-use interface * sack up browsers, web servers, HTTP, HTML Web architecture * Client/server systeml * N-tier architecture e. g. , web servers, application servers, database servers, scalability THE PROCESS OF E-COMMERCE * Attract guests * Advertising and marketing * act with customers * Catalogue, negotiation * Handle and manage pronounces * hostelry capture * Payment * Transaction * Fulfilment (physical good, service good, digital good) * React to Customer Enquiries * Customer service * Order tracking E-COMMERCE IN INDIAE-commerce in India is fluent nascent, but it is important for developing countries like India. The opportunities for E-commerce players are many due to rapid urbanisation and rising literacy grade and rapidly growing internet user population, advances in technology, growing adoption of computers, introduction of 3G and falling net access speak tos. The In ternet and Mobile Association of India (IMAI) estimated that Indias E-commerce market is growing 70% every year and 500% since 2007. Transactions In $ MillionsSegment-wise share in e-commerce market 2012 ABOUT FLIPKART Flipkart is an India based e-commerce company which belongs to the e-tailing (electronic retailing) sector. It is head-quartered at Bangalore and it initiated its operations in 2007. Flipkart was launched by a couple of young, enthusiastic friends, Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, who grew up together and studied at the prestigious IIT-Delhi, as an online retailing venture with the objective of reservation books accessible to individuals living in the all the parts of India.Sachin and Binny use to work for Amazon, which has a similar kind of business before quitting and opening up this impudently venture. Initially they used to sell just books on Flipkart and relied mainly on word of mouth for promotions. But in 2010, they started selling CDs, DVDs, Mobile phones and accessories, cameras, computers and in 2011 stationery, plate appliances, personal care items and health care products. It has now revenue of Rs. 500 crore within a span of just five years making t one of the largest e-commerce companies in India. The core value of Flipkart is strong focus on customer service. The major goal of the company is to provide its customers with an ultimate online shopping convey and for this they use many innovative policies like a 30-day replacement policy, EMI options, Cash on Delivery, free shipping, discounted rates, pre-paid online wallet and approximately important timely deliveryof all the products. This requires an extensive supply chain and logistics and distribution network.A network of over 500 distributors project been established by the company and it keeps only those items for which orders are placed ofttimes by the customers and the items that are rarely ordered are almost always sourced from the suppliers when such an order is receive d from the customers. The company owns four offices in each pipe city with a combined strength of more than five hundred employees. Fifteen courier companies such as Blue Dart, DHL etc. fuddle been sedulous to deliver the products and also Indian Post where courier service is not usable.Warehouses are there in seven cities including metros. One suffer track the order right from ordering an item to delivery. One can even pre-order an unreleased book from the website and that too on attractive prices and on top of that there is excellent customer service. Customer satisfaction, amazing customer experience and the discounted rates of items are the key factors that work in the favour of Flipkart. The company has a stock of nearly 12 million books making it the largest book retailer in India and it has eighty per cent share of the online book market in India.Access to internet, increasing number of iPads, judicious phones, latest technology that gives 3D images of products, time c onstraint consumers and increasing real estate costs required for offline stores gain lead to a shift to e-commerce businesses curiously to online retail stores. According to a survey done by Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, the online retail market in India may grow from Rs 20 billion in 2011 to Rs 70 billion by 2015 as internet access improves. INNOVATIVE SERVICES LAUNCHED BY FLIPKART PREPAID WALLET FEATURE * As a general wallet that is used to store funds in it and allows a person to barter for and enjoy products or services equivalent to the hard currency amount in it, Flipkart has adopted a prepaid wallet service to its e-commerce website platform that provides customers with an opportunity to store and keep money on the website and consume it to purchase different products, without the need to take out their debit entry cards or credit entry cards or net-banking for each and every transaction. The purpose of a prepaid Wallet is to make online trans actions easier and more cook for the customers as they will be spared from the hassle of taking out their credit card or debit card or net banking details each and every time they want to buy a product. Customers can fill their Online Wallets with up to Rs 10,000 by victimization any of the general payment methods like credit card, debit card and net-banking and then can consume it over multiple transactions. There is no termination date for the wallet and the cash stored in it can always be refunded back to the source utilize which payment was made. Flipkart. com has included wallet service in its e-commerce structure keeping in mind the ease and convenience of their regular customers those who make transactions multiple times during the month, and particularly when individual transactions are comprised of many small payments. Wallet allows the customers to make the payment just once and still involve in multiple transactions. This also makes sure that customers would not have to go through the bank payment verification processes each time they purchase something using the Flipkart. com.The wallet helps in cutting down the issues with payment gateway too. * Also by including the innovative prepaid e-wallet, the aim of the Flipkart is to shorten the duration of the order processes that would certainly make the online shopping much simpler, faster and totally rough-and-tumble free experience for their customers. * CASH ON DELIVERY * Flipkart launched the Cash on Delivery services for the customers who do not prefer to make an online payment. Using this payment mode, customers have to pay only when they receive the ordered item at their doorstep without any making any sort of advanced payment to Flipkart.Payment mode for this is strictly cash and the currency used can only be Indian Rupees. No discount coupons or e-vouchers can be availed while using this mode of payment. * India is a cash- driven economy with plastic cards penetration as low as 3% as of 20 12. Also the existing payment gateways and infrastructure are not in such good condition and a noticeable amount of transactions fail. Also people in India still perceive high risks in using credit/debit cards online and thus in online transactions. All these reasons led to Flipkart adopting such a mode of payment.But the most important reason was because it was the demand of customers and since Flipkart has the maximum focus on customer satisfaction, they went ahead and adopted Cash-on-delivery mode of payment. * Important factors while adopting Cash-on-delivery stupefy are that they have to deliver good products in good condition because if a product is not in good condition, customer cannot be expected to make the payment. They have to have their own collection and delivery network as they cant rely on a third person to collect cash for expensive items and give it to them.They need to have strong and consistent operations and they need to make timely delivery because if they fai l to do so, a customer is already lost for them for future. They also need to maintain customer relationships and respect customers so as to maintain long-term profitability from the customers. * Cash-on-delivery model has increased the gross sales of the company by great margins and Cash-on-delivery has become the most used mode of payment. But there as many downsides of using this model. Rejection rate of the products delivered through this model is as high as almost thirty per cent.Though this is lower than other Cash-on-delivery players, still it is too much. Generally the company has to incur Rs. 35-70 for every transaction involving cash-on-delivery, but the cost could reach as high as Rs. 100 in case there is rejection or if multiple trips are needed to deliver the order. Whereas when the transaction is carried out using credit/debit cards or net-banking, only 1-2 per cent of the transaction total value is taken by the online payment collaborator as service fee. Therefore u ntil and unless the transaction value is high enough, cash-on-delivery model cuts down the retailers margins by high values.Also cash-on-delivery model tends to block the works capital that could have been better used for expansion and growth. * REPLACEMENT POLICY * Flipkart provides a thirty day replacement policy for every product purchased from its website. Defects in any product can be highlighted by customers at the time of delivery or within thirty days from the date of delivery. No cost is charged for replacing the defected product. * Main objective of this policy is related to the core value of the company customer satisfaction.This policy makes customers feel much more secure about purchasing items online and helps build the company a strong trust with its customer base. PAYMENT GATEWAY OF FLIPKART Flipkart provides its customers with a hundred per cent safe transaction experience. Credit card payments are processed through the HDFC Bank payment gateway, as well as payment gateways (E Billing Systems/cc Avenue) that interface with mixed banks. The latest encryption technology is being used by HDFC bank to foster each customers credit card information.So as to cut across the information while information travels over the internet, it encrypts ones credit card number. HDFC also asks you to enter the three digit CVV (Credit Verification Value) number which follows credit card number and is given at the back of the card so as to make sure that the person carrying the transaction has the physical plastic card. Flipkarts main focus is on customer satisfaction and in this case also Flipkart. com offers the protection of highest standards so as to get a line that the shopping experience of each customer is private, safe and secure.Flipkart. com does not collect or store customers account information at all. Authorization of transaction takes place at multiple points, first by HDFC and subsequently by Visa/MasterCard/AMEX secure directly without any infor mation passing through them. Payment Options * Flipkart accepts all MasterCard, Visa credit cards and AMEX. * Flipkart do not accept any international credit cards on Flipkart. com at this stage. * Apart from Credit and debit Cards, payments are accepted by Flipkart by Internet Banking, Cash-on-Delivery and Equated Monthly Instalments (EMI).All Credit/Debit card details remain confidential and private. SSL encryption technology is used by Flipkart and their trusted payment gateways so as to protect the customers card information. SSL encryption technology Netscape developed a protocol right Sockets Layer (SSL) for moving the private documents over the Internet. A cryptographic system is being used by SSL that uses two keys to encrypt data ? a everyday key that is known to everyone and a private or secret key which is known only to the recipient of the message.Many Web sites use the SSL protocol to obtain and protect confidential users personal information, such as credit card numb er. URLs that use SSL connection have to start with https instead of http which is nothing but Secure HTTP. But both SSL and S-HTTP have different uses. Where a secure connection between a client and a server is created by SSL, over which unlimited amount of data can be sent securely, individual messages are transmitted securely using S-HTTP. SSL and S-HTTP are therefore complementary sooner than competing technologies. DIFFERENT METHODS ADOPTED BY FLIPKART Auto redirection to banking site Customers are automatically redirected to the page of respective banks where the information is required to be filled. Thus Flipkart never lands you on CC Avenue page unlike most other ecommerce sites. Hence Flipkart skips an unnecessary page by passing the needed parameters directly to CC Avenue. * Banks position Flipkart maintains its own real time status to check whether the net banking service of particular bank is working. So the customers come to know about a puzzle prior to entering that banks website.ONLINE PAYMENT PROCESSING SERVICES CC Avenue 1) Uses secure servers throughout and adopt stringent security measures to ensure that sensitive information such as customers personal details is protected. 2) Customers enter all their personal information and Credit Card details on ICICIs E-Payments (Payseal) and Citibanks secure servers and the same is encrypted before it is transmitted over the Internet to the getting Banks. 3) Additionally CC Avenues server is behind security firewalls to ensure maximum protection of your customers information. EBS (E-BILLING SOLUTIONS)For better encryption of data, it uses seven architecture model which helps in protecting the client information. hi-tech Axis, HDFC and Citibanks secure servers are used to authorize all credit card transactions and the same is encrypted before it is transmitted over the Internet to the Acquiring Banks. To ensure maximum protection of customers information, EBS servers are also behind the security fir ewalls. This guarantees that the buyers information is not available to any third party. EBS makes use of the best amongst the industry standards the VeriSign technology, which ensures the complete security of the data.A/B FRAMEWORK UNIQUE FRAMEWORK USED BY FLIPKART The modeling has two components Through the first one the performance of the website is measured using various inflection which are pre-defined. The second one uses an A/B material that allows different versions of the website to be available simultaneously which is used to check the success of the advertising campaigns over the website. Thus the company conducts live and real experiments by amusive a small portion of the traffic and studying the results. Both components work together and simultaneously.The websites performance on various parameters is measured by the metrics tool which is kind of a dashboard. For example, systems are immediately warned in case the transaction rate goes down below a certain limit. Flipkarts engineers can also rapidly implement and check their ideas using the A/B component. When someone proposes a raw(a) idea, a lot of precious time is spend debating what-if scenarios. Using this framework an idea can be implemented while mitigatingits risks. For example, the A/B framework redirects ten per cent of the Flipkarts traffic to the new design/idea whenever an engineer changes the design of any page.Through this they can evaluate and analyze the effect of the changes using the metrics tool for collection. If it does not lead to any productive result, they can immediately change it back, and only less than ten per cent of traffic is impacted. The Benefits Since the tool has been introduced sometime around mid-2010, Flipkart now sells more than 20 types of products, taking the sales up to Rs 75 crore a month. In fact, during the last eight quarters, Flipkart has been able to double its revenue each quarter.

Confession of a Pop-Culture Addict Essay

Now that I have your attention, Id deal to come to my topic about the ascendancy and deprivation that pop culture has made first of all, I believe that pop culture is a reflection of social change, and not the cause of social change. I say this because many researchers have come across the question how would teens react to a certain translate? How much power does popular culture truly have? Media seems to be perceived as the bother in every corner, when in fact humanity is just evolving. Why question diversity? And why must we humans put a reason and a cause towards a dilemma that doesnt necessarily follow a certain culture?The fairly aged generation may make do and say that media is the devil. In my opinion, I believe they are just contradicting themselves how can one side with media when it fits their cultural beliefs and previous experiences merely side against it when media previews other point of society views? Pop-culture is all around us indeed. Music, television, and lane posters are one of the most commonly used methods in viewing media. The pros and cons of pop culture reflect each other out. To me, media is a matter of optimism and pessimism for example, is the cup half empty, or half full? a more related example to our current intent style are women in the virtual world.A little inside about how women are perceived in media is that they are tall, thin, organized, and always running a perfect, healthy life style. An optimistic person would find this as a motivational push to his/her life whereas a pessimistic person would find these goals unreachable, and wouldnt try pushing themselves to their limits. Thus, media is not the influencer neither the influence, but rather a source of entertainment and a way of propagating information to the world in gear up to stay united as one union.

Moods of Norway

Moods of Norway case indicated many interesting issues relating to blur management study. In this paper, first, we outline two recognize challenges that Moods argon facing, then analyze the blot based on CBBE pyramid, and final examly suggest two merchandise programs that the company should invest. 1. Key challenges The first challenge facing Moods of Norway is expanding the business to U. S. This is alship rotteral a profitable entirely risky opportunity for every firm, including Moods of Norway. The company with free styling wants to just go to the U. S. and see what happens (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 15). However, U.S. commercialize one of the most knotty markets in the world has many implicit challenges for Moods. Firstly, their rat is unknown in United States. Therefore, they need to base on the local sales agents and distri moreoverors in the U. S. Although they had a five-year contract with CAA the conduct talent agency their profit ordaining depend o n the CAAs success that is affected by the fit between the two companies. For example, CAA has not many experiences with distributing fashion crossroads. Secondly, the U. S. customers preferences in color, fabric, size, etc. ar several(predicate) from Norwegian customers.Moods products moldiness be pliant. This means they might need other suppliers and manufacturers to change their products. Finally, the most unenviable question for the company is how they can bring their companys concept to America and convince U. S. customers to profane their products based on that concept. Beca drop they combine Norwegian nature and ordinary stories into their design that makes their product be uncommon and succeed in Norway, hence it is not easy to translate it for the customers outside the boorish. Even if they can adorn their stories clearly, non-Nordic customers whitethorn not be interested in those products.As Dahlkvist expressed, they should do the design in the U. S. , to really larn a feel for what moves around in that country and how to do it (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 15) but observable risks will pr even sot them from doing it. The second key challenge that Moods should consider is expanding the womens app atomic number 18l line, which is likewise a coarse opportunity. Mens garment accounted for 70% of Moods sales while women shop to a greater extent in general. Thus, in that respect is an opportunity for growth here. However, Moods should seriously consider the challenge they will face. First, womens garments market is more competitive than mens clothing market.The market is very fragmented with many competitors representing different styles in all price segments. Many brands have been around for a long time and have gained customers loyalty. It will be difficult for Moods to enter the market in any segment. Second, womens clothing styles atomic number 18 more complicated with different types of clothes. While mens clothes are limited with some universal types such as suits, shirts, and T-shirts, womens clothes have a wide throw up of types from dresses, blouses to skirts, cardigans, etc. To repay sales, the designs must be much diversified and fast changeable.Thus, some Moods adjustments are necessary, and Moods may face a dilemma of how to keep the moods unique while diversifying the styles to generate revenue. Third, designing womens clothes considers different techniques. The two main designers of Moods specialized in designing mens clothes, which is simpler than womens. Hence, the company needs to hire bare undergo designers for womens line. However, even with extra designers, keeping the look and lifestyle image of womens clothing in line with the rest of the company message is still a challenge for Moods. 2. Moods of Norway brand canvass place Salience steel salience measures awareness of the brand (Keller 2008. 60). Although Moods management team is interested in expanding as a lifestyle brand, pe ople still think of as it a fashion brand, which mainly reducees on anthropoid clothing. However, the brand reached a very high level of awareness in Norway where 85% of its sales happened. wholeness of the evidences is that when customers and partner companies sought Norwegian Design, they sought Moods (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 5). Moods of Norway is a fashion leader in the country that even Norwegian Police Department approached Moods to design their uniforms.This high level of awareness partly convey to the little competition Moods has to face in Norway. Moods also used some other effective ways to raise the awareness. One of those is the fashion show, which was the biggest fashion event in Norway. Other contributors to the high awareness are the pink boat and the image of three owners as a rock band. stigmatise performance The product itself is at the heart of brand equity and brand performance describes how hearty the product or inspection and repair meets custo mers functional needs (Keller 2008, 64). Following is Moods brand performance measured by some attributes and benefits.Regarding primary ingredients and auxiliary features, Moods is doing well with choosing fabric from partners in Paris and Istanbul, who provide the best materials for Moods collections based on the requirements of quality, color and even style of button. This leads to the undecomposed quality of final products, which help Moods sell them at medium-plus price range. In marches of style and design, Moods products are unique and complaisant in priapic clothing market because it reflects not only the moods of fun and happiness but also the style of cultural tales that Norwegians love.However, Moods still need to improve designs in female market, which is still the weak point of the company. In addition, service is also an important part add positively to performance of brand. It seems that Moods has not pay much attention to customer service. This could be a faul t point for Moods to perform well in the highly competitive market like US market. Brand Imagery Brand imagery links mainly to four intangible aspects (Keller 2008, 65). First, in name of drug user profiles, some 70% of Moods customers are male. While company is interested in expanding the age range, the target customers are at age of 18 35.However, Moods is facing a dilemma that a balance needed to be maintained between broadening their target group and remaining a cool brand (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 13). Second, regarding purchase and usage situations, Moods products are nearly limited with T-shirts and suits but coer a wide range of situations that people can wear. The situations are suggested by the companys three original clothing lines, which are cocktails, street and casual. Moreover, the designers also make effort of generating new ideas by imagining scenarios requiring special clothes.Third, Moods brand has a gilt personality that is cool, fun, and happy. Thi s also creates values for customers that they have the feeling of connecting to their clothes in each situation. Finally, Moods of Norway does very well in using hi accounting, heritage to create the uniqueness for their products. Moods clothing lines tell their authentic, line up and real story of Norwegians heritage. The story layers have great value in getting customers to spend time thinking near Moods products, which is good for remembering the brand (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 3).Although this concept is highly successful in Norway, it is very difficult to apply to other markets. This requires Moods to develop another story to tell in US market. Brand Judgments Brand Judgments and Brand Feelings are both(prenominal) of brand responses that elicit the proper customer responses to this brand identification and brand meaning (Keller 2008, 60). From the performance and imagery of Moods of Norway, we know partly about the customers evaluation of the brand. Following the P ossible Measures of Brand Building Blocks that is given by Keller (2008, 75), firstly, Moods bring good value for customers.Indeed, they not only provide the clothing products for customer, but also provide a chance to interact with their clothes by inscribing the lore on its inside. Customers receive more value and feel more satisfied by Moods of Norways fun stories. Secondly, in comparison with standardized goods, fashion collections for the winter are not the same for the summer and its change over years continuously. Hence, customers judge the brand based on the success of previous products, other customers and oddly in designers reputation.By borrowing associations from its high-qualified designers and owners, Moods become trustworthy and credible brand (Keller 2008, 305). People buy their products because they can trust the Moods Boys innovativeness and uniqueness. As mentioned in the case When customers and partner companies sought Norwegian Design, they sought Moods, the br and likability is quite high in Norway. In addition, they always are the leader in domestic market. Hence, Moods actually is the fashion expert in customers eyes in Norway. Finally, Moods of Norway is only company that designed the lore into the clothes themselves.Because all these stories are true and authentic, consumer feel the clothes more related to them. When customers love the story, they will also think that the product is pertinent to buy. Consequently, Scandinavians buy products of Moods because it is superior compared to others. Brand Feelings Clothing products of Moods bring the warmness to customers by reminding them of old-world, traditional customs, etc. In addition, the clothes combined traditional Norwegian style and the modern fashion scene (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 2), therefore, it is so fun and exciting for customers.For instance, the image of tractor on the suit is so surprising and interesting. Especially, Mood Boys often turn out in vivid dresses w ith the pink fishing boat. The image of the boy band is not only the designers image, but also is the brand image. They really inspire customers by fun and crazy feelings. Brand Resonance This is the final step of Kellers CBBE model that focuses upon the ultimate relationship and level of identification that the customer has with the brand (Keller 2001, 15).Based on the cases limited information, in our viewpoint, they have many loyal Norwegian customers with high attachment, especially 15-20 year olds who think Moods of Norway is more successful than StatOil the large Norwegian Oil Company (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 8). Because Moods relies on article of mouth to marketing their products, so they should have a great brand community in both online and offline. In addition, to enforce the relationship with customers, Moods must make customers engaged to the brand. They should create more value for frequently customers and satisfy them by organizing some fun activities. . Su ggested Marketing Programs Moods of Norway are facing two major problems promoting Moods brand to American market and developing clothing line for women. Two following brief marketing programs are supposed to solve these problems respectively. Promoting Moods brand to American market Firstly, penetrating American market by corroborative exporting is very important for new entrant. Based on limited capacity and resources, they must focus on one or two big cities where is profitable for fashion industries in America (Los Angeles, sunrise(prenominal) York, Chicago or Boston).Now they have one store in Los Angeles but it is not sufficient. They must expand their market share via many distributors and agents. While enhancing the relationship with Creative Artists Agency, they should get bigger distribution to other important stores. Secondly, making the Moods brand different from other fashion products but still apprehensible is also essential. That means they must not only focus on their uniqueness (adding lore to clothes themselves) but also create more fun and less regional stories about clothes.Thirdly, they have to work special fashion collections in America as much as possible. They also can use the image of colorful tractor as an association to inspire and make American customers unforgettable. Especially, Moods Boys must appear on American TV, magazines frequently because their impressive appearance affect directly to Moods brands awareness. Using celebrities to corroborate Moods clothing also increase the customers associations, judgments, and feelings (Keller 2008, 305).Finally, based on analyzing American market carefully, their image should be adaptable to fit American style but still homogeneous in all countries. Expanding the womens clothing line To conquer womens clothing market, Moods should seriously take some actions. First, Moods should improve their products in term of designs so that their products are attractive enough to female customer s. Currently, Moods have only two main designers who are specialized in designing mens clothes while womens clothes require different kinds of technical design.Hiring Project Manager Helen Marie Rod who had experience with some famous brands is a good step for expanding womens clothing line. However, to diversify their product, Moods still need to hire extra designers who are experienced in designing for women. Second, for womens clothes, the company should consider adjusting some personalities to fit female clothing market. They can keep their main moods that are fun and happiness, except rock stars and wild moods that are not considered favorable for majority of women.Third, because fashion shows are the primary marketing activity for the company and the shows are effective, Moods should continue this. However, to rear and increase awareness of the womens clothing line, Moods should hold a fashion show particularly for women. They should also consider other types of advertising s uch as Internet or fashion magazines because those sources can comfortably access potential female customers. Fourth, in term of distribution, in the beginning, Moods can still combine products for male and female in same stores. Nevertheless, in future, they can divide the stores separately.Finally, yet importantly, Moods should consider selling accessories on with womens clothing line because accessory is a very important part of womens style. Moods may design their own accessory line or cooperate with other accessory brand that fits Moods brand personality. To conclude, Moods of Norway has many favorable conditions to succeed in American market and female clothing line. Based on Kellers CBBE model (2008), we propose two marketing program investments to not only enhance the original brand position but also take advantage of potential opportunities to companys expansion.By combine traditional style and contemporary tendencies, then applying proper strategies for brand building, Moods of Norway could be high successful in the competitive world of fashion. Appendix Good quality Nice style Medium-plus price points Mostly for men, 18 35 Music and artist style Clothing, Shoes, Eyewear Resonance Loyalty Attachment Feelings Warmness Fun fervor Imagery Good value Trustworthiness Relevance Superiority Judgments Performance Salience Figure 1 Moods of Norway CBBE Pyramid

Inside Islam notes Essay

Islam heart and soul Peace and endurance (The peace that comes from submission, the attention to God that comes from peace.) Allah Akbar means God is great.Sunni = 85% of Moslem population Shia = 10% Sufi less than 5% Islam is not only a religion of the Middle East largest population of Moslems is in India. Largest Islamic country is Indonesia. Of same faith tradition as both Christians and JewsMuslims & Jews are both monotheistic, discord only on mainly messianic theology Places of worship differ yet can coexist Spain fostered all three Abrahamic faiths during pre-Ferdinand and Isabella era (pre-1492)Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early days & jump vision, Quran, 1st backbone shahadah, and start of second pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIoMuslims descended from Hagar and Ishmael, who fled to the vacate Abraham, according to Muslim legend, built KabaQuraysh tribe controlled Mecca as trading city. Later put icons and statues of m ingled tribal Gods inside Kaba so Mecca would become even more important as a pilgrimage site. Muhammad was born several generations later in 570 AD into a wealthy family. His dad died, his granddaddy sent him to live with trading caravans. As a young man he became a skilful caravanier, married Khadijah Muhammad illiterate, so others recorded his recitationsQuran means recitation, a mix of poetry, stories, admonitions, advice and warnings.Part 3 of 9 second pillar (prayer) act, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of tertiary pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1Muhammad gave sermons against polytheism to pilgrims arriving at the Kaba in Mecca was persecuted by Quraish Muhammad had no strong political ally, few followers initially. Journeyed to Yathrib (later named Medina, City of the Prophet) to intercede dispute between city states. Became year 0 in Islamic calendar, 622 CE. Set up first Islamic community (Ummah )Meccans were enraged, attacked Medina to destroy Muslims.Battle of Badr, outnumbered by Meccans, yet Medinans wonMuslims triumphed630 AD Muslims returned to MeccaCleansed Abrahams numinous temple (Kaba) of idols of pilgrims, kept the Kaba (lit. cube) as the important expression of monotheism Offered Meccans freedom for peace, many rebornArab tribes came to pay tri ande to Muhammad and convertUmayyads 1st dynasty 750 Within a century of Muhammads death Muslims controlled more land than the Roman EmpireTurkey to parts of China. Jews and Christians were exempt from conversion to Islam3rd pillar good-will is heavily emphasized in the Quran, even more than the subordinate status of womenPart 4 of 9 3rd pillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty Crusades Mongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=13rd Pillar Charity From everything you aver you give 2.5%All money collected must be given to those in claim unmatchable must follow the fast during the mon th of Ramadan as the 4th pillar Fast lasts from sunrise manger sunsetExceptions are make for the sick, weak, children, and the mothers who are expecting Its a time to intensify your efforts to build your alliance with God The festival of the great Eid (Lit. festival) of the breaking of the fast Shia split from the Sunni after the death of Hussein (680 AD) at that place was a discrepancy of how leaders should be put in place Shia believed that leaders should be forecast descendants of Muhammad Sunni believed leadersshould be elected democratically8th century golden age in Iraq, Abbasid dynasty arose in Bagdad Abbasids valued learning, Greek philosophy and natural science. Algebra invented, decimals, exponents.Medicine developed, orthopedics, mental illness treatment, surgery. Crusades Jerusalem is 3rd most sacred city for Muslims1099 Christians slaughter 30k Muslims1258 Genghis Khans grandson & his Mongols plundered BagdadPart 5 of 9 Mongol era 5th Pillar, Hajj in Spain, interfai th cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo& let=relatedThe Mongol Khan becomes a Muslim,Lesser pilgrimage can be taken to Mecca at any time of the year (min 030) Hajj, the greater pilgrimage, occurs only once a year a. Ihram1 = 2 white cloths in which you will be buried are worn during Hajj, significance is equality, Ihram2 is also = nonbelligerent demeanor to accept all as brothers & sisters.b. Ablution (ritual washing) leads to first stage circumambulation 7 times God is the axis of rotation of ones life c. 2nd step is to march between 2 hills representing Hagars anticipate for water for Ismael represents ones struggle in life d. Next day they travel to the manifest of Arafat. Pilgrims walk in quiet prayer confessing sins at Mount of Arafat. e. Next, to Mina to throw stones at 3 pillars representing Satan, sins are forgiven f. Last event prayer service at KabaMuslim scholars preserved publications from hordes711 CE Muslims arrive at Gibraltara. Called Moors, dwel led in Andalusia, cities of Cordoba & Seville b. Horticulture, math, navigation developedc. Muslim, Jewish & Christian scholars worked together became a source for the RenaissancePart 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1Reconquista, Christian re-conquest of Spain expelling Moors and forcing conversion or expulsion of Jews 1492 the Moors were kicked out of Spain1453 Greek Constantinople fell to Muslim troops name changed to Istanbul = Islam in Abundance Sultan was the ruler of Islamic Ottoman society. Sultan means ruler Sultans Harem (Haram forbidden, taboo) group of concubines, in Western eyes they are dens of iniquity, but in Islamic practice they were centers of protection for women and sources for caucusing about political power Islamic polygamy all wives need to be treated equallyWomens rights clearly defined in QuranQuran tried to do away(predicate) with negativism toward women.Gave women basic rights,To own p roperty,receive inheritance,vote (1300 years to begin with western societies permitted it),choose first mateThe hijab the cloth that Islamic women wear on their heads Symbol of humility before God became a symbolization of oppression in eyes of West Burka refers to a total body coveringIn the 1800s the Europeans start taking advantage of the Islamic world, esp with Industrial Revolution Ottomans weakened, starting with Napoleons invasion of Egypt.Part 7 of 9 Suez Canal France colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1Colonial sense of superiority disparaged MuslimsFrance took over northern Africa and the northern part of the Middle East, discouraging Arabic run-in and Islamic faith. England expanded into Egypt after creating the Suez Canal, also taking the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Iraq. Ottomans sided with Germany in WWI, so England & France took Muslim lands when Germany lost (min 240) Muslim Brotherhood arose in Egy pt in 1928Some Muslim states encouraged western style central authoritarian dictatorships Muslim Brotherhood resisted these. Following WW2 Muslims throughout European colonies rose up, demanding release from the European counties. Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahab became a leader in the Islamic world, preaching an ascetic, puritanical form of Islam Created Wahabism, founded Saudi State, merging desert warrior olfactory property with puritanical reform. Very fundamental and tooth root form of IslamWas supported by Saud family, who would become rulers of Saudi Arabia vegetable oil gave Saudis great wealth allowing them to expand Wahabist beliefs. Giving the money to organizations has caused an even more radical group of beliefs to raise Jihad = struggle. The greater jihad is the struggle of ones will against ones passions and weaknesses, an midland struggle. The lesser jihad is a defensive war, using just war criteria. Some groups called for a radical Jihad war against western nations Th e end justifying the means leads to terrorism.Osama Bin-Laden in particularPart 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPcMalcolm X We (blacks) did not land on Plymouth Rock the rock-and-roll was landed on us Walhid Farad formed the Nation of IslamElijah Poole joined him changed name to Elijah Muhammad & took charge in 1934 Malcolm Little heard about Nation of Islam in Prison, changed name to Malcolm X Malcolm X What was your name before you lost it?Malcolm X came back from hajj inspired to join Nation of Islam to traditional Islam Gunned down By 1975, Elijahs son brought about Malcolm Xs dream changed name to World Community of Islam Louis Farrakhan continued in old ways of separationIsrael made a state in 1948. In 6 Day War in 1967 tensions increased with Muslims 1978 Irans Shah fell to Shiite Ayatollah Khomeini US cast as gigantic Satan Students took US embassy workers in Tehran as hostages for 444 days Sadat in Egypt assassinated he had sign(a) a peace treaty with Israel. Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 coalition lead by US stopped him, imposed no-fly ZonePart 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & nirvana wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=19/11 made people aware not only of radical fringe of Islam, but also of the peaceful Muslim neighbors. Even in heaven one cannot see GodPleas for peaceFew stable & carnival Muslim governments have replaced colonial governmentsPart 1 of 9 Intro and basic facts http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAjsu1ATrts Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early years & first vision, Quran, 1st pillar shahadah, and start of 2nd pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIo Part 3 of 9 2nd pillar (prayer) continued, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of 3rd pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1 Part 4 of 9 3rdpillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty CrusadesMongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=1 Part 5 of 9 Mongol era 5thPillar, Hajj in Spain, interfaith cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo&feature=related Part 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women Colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1 Part 7 of 9 Suez CanalFrance colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1 Part 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPc Part 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & heaven wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=1