Inside Islam notes Essay

Islam heart and soul Peace and endurance (The peace that comes from submission, the attention to God that comes from peace.) Allah Akbar means God is great.Sunni = 85% of Moslem population Shia = 10% Sufi less than 5% Islam is not only a religion of the Middle East largest population of Moslems is in India. Largest Islamic country is Indonesia. Of same faith tradition as both Christians and JewsMuslims & Jews are both monotheistic, discord only on mainly messianic theology Places of worship differ yet can coexist Spain fostered all three Abrahamic faiths during pre-Ferdinand and Isabella era (pre-1492)Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early days & jump vision, Quran, 1st backbone shahadah, and start of second pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIoMuslims descended from Hagar and Ishmael, who fled to the vacate Abraham, according to Muslim legend, built KabaQuraysh tribe controlled Mecca as trading city. Later put icons and statues of m ingled tribal Gods inside Kaba so Mecca would become even more important as a pilgrimage site. Muhammad was born several generations later in 570 AD into a wealthy family. His dad died, his granddaddy sent him to live with trading caravans. As a young man he became a skilful caravanier, married Khadijah Muhammad illiterate, so others recorded his recitationsQuran means recitation, a mix of poetry, stories, admonitions, advice and warnings.Part 3 of 9 second pillar (prayer) act, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of tertiary pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1Muhammad gave sermons against polytheism to pilgrims arriving at the Kaba in Mecca was persecuted by Quraish Muhammad had no strong political ally, few followers initially. Journeyed to Yathrib (later named Medina, City of the Prophet) to intercede dispute between city states. Became year 0 in Islamic calendar, 622 CE. Set up first Islamic community (Ummah )Meccans were enraged, attacked Medina to destroy Muslims.Battle of Badr, outnumbered by Meccans, yet Medinans wonMuslims triumphed630 AD Muslims returned to MeccaCleansed Abrahams numinous temple (Kaba) of idols of pilgrims, kept the Kaba (lit. cube) as the important expression of monotheism Offered Meccans freedom for peace, many rebornArab tribes came to pay tri ande to Muhammad and convertUmayyads 1st dynasty 750 Within a century of Muhammads death Muslims controlled more land than the Roman EmpireTurkey to parts of China. Jews and Christians were exempt from conversion to Islam3rd pillar good-will is heavily emphasized in the Quran, even more than the subordinate status of womenPart 4 of 9 3rd pillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty Crusades Mongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=13rd Pillar Charity From everything you aver you give 2.5%All money collected must be given to those in claim unmatchable must follow the fast during the mon th of Ramadan as the 4th pillar Fast lasts from sunrise manger sunsetExceptions are make for the sick, weak, children, and the mothers who are expecting Its a time to intensify your efforts to build your alliance with God The festival of the great Eid (Lit. festival) of the breaking of the fast Shia split from the Sunni after the death of Hussein (680 AD) at that place was a discrepancy of how leaders should be put in place Shia believed that leaders should be forecast descendants of Muhammad Sunni believed leadersshould be elected democratically8th century golden age in Iraq, Abbasid dynasty arose in Bagdad Abbasids valued learning, Greek philosophy and natural science. Algebra invented, decimals, exponents.Medicine developed, orthopedics, mental illness treatment, surgery. Crusades Jerusalem is 3rd most sacred city for Muslims1099 Christians slaughter 30k Muslims1258 Genghis Khans grandson & his Mongols plundered BagdadPart 5 of 9 Mongol era 5th Pillar, Hajj in Spain, interfai th cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo& let=relatedThe Mongol Khan becomes a Muslim,Lesser pilgrimage can be taken to Mecca at any time of the year (min 030) Hajj, the greater pilgrimage, occurs only once a year a. Ihram1 = 2 white cloths in which you will be buried are worn during Hajj, significance is equality, Ihram2 is also = nonbelligerent demeanor to accept all as brothers & sisters.b. Ablution (ritual washing) leads to first stage circumambulation 7 times God is the axis of rotation of ones life c. 2nd step is to march between 2 hills representing Hagars anticipate for water for Ismael represents ones struggle in life d. Next day they travel to the manifest of Arafat. Pilgrims walk in quiet prayer confessing sins at Mount of Arafat. e. Next, to Mina to throw stones at 3 pillars representing Satan, sins are forgiven f. Last event prayer service at KabaMuslim scholars preserved publications from hordes711 CE Muslims arrive at Gibraltara. Called Moors, dwel led in Andalusia, cities of Cordoba & Seville b. Horticulture, math, navigation developedc. Muslim, Jewish & Christian scholars worked together became a source for the RenaissancePart 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1Reconquista, Christian re-conquest of Spain expelling Moors and forcing conversion or expulsion of Jews 1492 the Moors were kicked out of Spain1453 Greek Constantinople fell to Muslim troops name changed to Istanbul = Islam in Abundance Sultan was the ruler of Islamic Ottoman society. Sultan means ruler Sultans Harem (Haram forbidden, taboo) group of concubines, in Western eyes they are dens of iniquity, but in Islamic practice they were centers of protection for women and sources for caucusing about political power Islamic polygamy all wives need to be treated equallyWomens rights clearly defined in QuranQuran tried to do away(predicate) with negativism toward women.Gave women basic rights,To own p roperty,receive inheritance,vote (1300 years to begin with western societies permitted it),choose first mateThe hijab the cloth that Islamic women wear on their heads Symbol of humility before God became a symbolization of oppression in eyes of West Burka refers to a total body coveringIn the 1800s the Europeans start taking advantage of the Islamic world, esp with Industrial Revolution Ottomans weakened, starting with Napoleons invasion of Egypt.Part 7 of 9 Suez Canal France colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1Colonial sense of superiority disparaged MuslimsFrance took over northern Africa and the northern part of the Middle East, discouraging Arabic run-in and Islamic faith. England expanded into Egypt after creating the Suez Canal, also taking the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Iraq. Ottomans sided with Germany in WWI, so England & France took Muslim lands when Germany lost (min 240) Muslim Brotherhood arose in Egy pt in 1928Some Muslim states encouraged western style central authoritarian dictatorships Muslim Brotherhood resisted these. Following WW2 Muslims throughout European colonies rose up, demanding release from the European counties. Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahab became a leader in the Islamic world, preaching an ascetic, puritanical form of Islam Created Wahabism, founded Saudi State, merging desert warrior olfactory property with puritanical reform. Very fundamental and tooth root form of IslamWas supported by Saud family, who would become rulers of Saudi Arabia vegetable oil gave Saudis great wealth allowing them to expand Wahabist beliefs. Giving the money to organizations has caused an even more radical group of beliefs to raise Jihad = struggle. The greater jihad is the struggle of ones will against ones passions and weaknesses, an midland struggle. The lesser jihad is a defensive war, using just war criteria. Some groups called for a radical Jihad war against western nations Th e end justifying the means leads to terrorism.Osama Bin-Laden in particularPart 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPcMalcolm X We (blacks) did not land on Plymouth Rock the rock-and-roll was landed on us Walhid Farad formed the Nation of IslamElijah Poole joined him changed name to Elijah Muhammad & took charge in 1934 Malcolm Little heard about Nation of Islam in Prison, changed name to Malcolm X Malcolm X What was your name before you lost it?Malcolm X came back from hajj inspired to join Nation of Islam to traditional Islam Gunned down By 1975, Elijahs son brought about Malcolm Xs dream changed name to World Community of Islam Louis Farrakhan continued in old ways of separationIsrael made a state in 1948. In 6 Day War in 1967 tensions increased with Muslims 1978 Irans Shah fell to Shiite Ayatollah Khomeini US cast as gigantic Satan Students took US embassy workers in Tehran as hostages for 444 days Sadat in Egypt assassinated he had sign(a) a peace treaty with Israel. Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 coalition lead by US stopped him, imposed no-fly ZonePart 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & nirvana wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=19/11 made people aware not only of radical fringe of Islam, but also of the peaceful Muslim neighbors. Even in heaven one cannot see GodPleas for peaceFew stable & carnival Muslim governments have replaced colonial governmentsPart 1 of 9 Intro and basic facts http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAjsu1ATrts Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early years & first vision, Quran, 1st pillar shahadah, and start of 2nd pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIo Part 3 of 9 2nd pillar (prayer) continued, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of 3rd pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1 Part 4 of 9 3rdpillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty CrusadesMongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=1 Part 5 of 9 Mongol era 5thPillar, Hajj in Spain, interfaith cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo&feature=related Part 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women Colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1 Part 7 of 9 Suez CanalFrance colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1 Part 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPc Part 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & heaven wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=1