Mr Know All

(for working with Lesson 2 end) by Adele Raemer emailprotected co. il Lesson 2 Workpage 10 nouss apiece execute 1. Where does the re chargeation take place? In what year? 2. What does the opening divide tell us about the speaker and his attitude? 3. In the second paragraph the speaker says that he doesnt like Mr. Kelada. What doesnt he like about him? 4. When Mr. Kelada introduces himself to the fabricator, the narrator says that he asked if he was right in thinking my name was so and so. why doesnt the narrator bother to tell us his own name? 5.In the conversation that follows this introduction, the narrator is impress to dominate out that Mr. Kelada is English. Why is he so surprised? Why does the writer describe his apparent movement as being asked rather tactlessly? 6. What impression is created by Mr. Keladas behavior at this first meeting? 7. Where does the narrator suspect that Mr. Kelada was born? How do you know? Vocabulary work Use the following words in a des ignate to show that you understand them (5 points for each sentence) 1. accommodation 2. berth 3. port-hole 4. gestures 5. exuberant 6. flask Extra credit question (10 points) rite down as many words or phrases that you can find that show that the narrator was prejudiced against Mr. Kelada. Explain why they show prejudice. Lesson 3 Mr. Know-All (for working with ECB Anthology- questions from EMT) Workpage (Answer on a separate page in bring about sentences. ) 1. What is special about Mrs. Ramsay? 2. What kind of man is Mr. Ramsay? 3. Write down at least 3 things that Mr. Kelada did that annoyed the narrator. 4. Which of those could be considered cultural difference, and which were just a neighborhood of his personality that clashed with that of the narrators? 5. Describe Mr. and Mrs.Ramsay. How do you think that author feels about them? (Find quotations to support your answer. ) Extra credit (Answer EITHER 6 OR 7) 1. Why does the narrator rec on the whole Mr. Kelada The best hat ed man on the ship? (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 110) 2. Vocabulary work Use the following words in a sentence to show that you understand them 1. airs (EMT p. 176 ECB p. 36 line 72) 2. snub (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 99) 3. intolerable (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 113 ) 4. loquacious (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 115) 5. eristical (EMT p. 177 ECB p. 37 line 115) Ques. 1-5 are worth 20 points eachExtra credit question is worth an additional 10 points. Mr. Kelada sees Mrs. Ramsays chain of pearls. pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic Mr. Kelada says that he is mistaken. Lesson 4 1. Using the spring chart, fill in what happens from the point when Kelada sees Mrs.Ramsays chain of pearls, to the point when he says he is mistaken. 2. Why does Mrs. Ramsay retire with a headache? 3. In the last paragraph the narrator says, At that moment I did not entirely dislike Mr. Kelada. Has the narrator changed at all during the written rep ort? What are your feelings towards Mrs. Ramsay, Mr. Kelada and the narrator by the end of the story? 4. Why did Mr. Kelada decide to protect Mrs. Ramsay? What does this tell us about him? 5. What is Mrs. Ramsays reaction at the end of the story? Why is the name on the envelope written in block letters? How does this make you react to Mrs.Ramsay? Extra credit question (10 points) 6. What do cultured and real pearls symbolize in the story? Lesson 5 1. Look for and list the cultural differences between the narrator, Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Kelada. 2. Discuss cultural differences between you, as Israelis, and those seen in the characters. With whom do you feel closest? Why? 3. Why is the story told in the first person? What effect does it have on us, the readers? 4. The following are very British expressions. Find them in the text, and think of another itinerary to say the same thing (in English). jolly glad (EMT p. 175 ECB p. 35) ather (EMT p. 175 ECB p. 35) chap (EMT p. 177, ECB p. 38 ) fetch (EMT p. 178 , ECB p. 38) rot (EMT p. 179 , ECB p. 40) had been caught out (EMT p. 180, ECB p. 41) retire (EMT p. 180, ECB p. 41) 5. Find examples of derision in the story. Final Assessment (Individual work) Choose ONE of the following 4 questions, and record your answer on a tape. Your answer must cover all of the aspects of the question, and show that you understood the story. It must last between 3 and 5 minutes. 1. Pretend that you are Mr. Kelada, and tell the story to your friend in Japan (from your Mr.Keladas point of view). 2. Answer the following questions orally a. Why is the story told in the first person, and why arent we told the narrators name? b. Why did the narrator decide that he disliked Mr. Kelada unconstipated before he met him? What does this tell you about him? Do you think the writer was trying to say something about the British, in general? 3. Describe the 3 variant stereotypes that the writer shows in this story. 4. Mr. Kelada / Mrs. Ramsay Why did Mr. Kelada decide to protect Mrs. Ramsay? What does this tell about him? What does Mrs. Ramsay do in return?What do you think about her reaction? Criteria for course of study (according to oral bag. scales) show familiarity with the characters and the story discuss the questions fluently discuss the questions with a minimum of grammatical mistakes remain within the given time (1 1/2 3 minutes) Evaluation page for pigeonholing work (Mr. Know All final activity) Name of class observer__________________ Names of group members ___________________________________________________________ If the answer is YES put a check in the box. If it is NO leave the box empty. In some cases, there may be more than one YES answer. I.Evaluation for answering the questions 1. My group read, understood and followed the instructions. 2. My group decided together who would answer next- there was no real leader. 3. One person from my group decided to take charge (be the leader) , and trai n the turns. 4. My group decided together on a leader, who organized the turns. 5. My group worked more efficiently / the same / less efficiently than they did in the first activity. Explain______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ II.Evaluation for group discussion My group 1. . discussed the question in an organized manner, taking turns. 2. discussed the question in an unorganized manner each person spoke when they felt that had something to say. 3. discussed the question in Hebrew. 4. discussed the question in English. 5. How did the group decide who would be the secretary ___________________________________________________ III. My group discussed the following questions 1. Thoroughly / superficially / Didnt have enough time 2.Thoroughly / superficially / Didnt have enough time 3. Thoroughly / Superficially / Didnt have enough time 4. Thoroughly / Superficially / Didnt have enough time 5. Thoroughly / S uperficially / Didnt have enough time IV. Summary yes no Do you feel that your group worked in an efficient manner? ? ? How could they have been more efficient? _______________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Do you think they did this activity more efficiently than they did the first time? yes no ? Explain. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Your opinion I liked / didnt like being the group evaluator. Why_______________________________________________________ I well-read something / nothing about working in groups by being the evaluator. Please write anything else that you have to say here

Anti-Abortion Speech

Did you know that there are about 3,700 stillbirths a day in the US? So approximately 1. 3 million unpunished and LEGAL eat ups are occurring every year. I personally think that is absurd. Abortion is wrong and I am going to tell you why you shouldnt get one or support them because of the adoption option, the after effects and the simple fact that its murder. I am a Catholic so, obviously my church strongly opposes abortion. I think that abortion is morally wrong and a highly debated topic in which there is a crystallizing clear answer.One must wonder why a woman would seek out an abortion when there are other more humanistic options available. Adoption, of course, is the main option. Adoption is a win- win situation. The mother will be able to pursue her goals before she was pregnant and not have the burden of a child before she is ready and at the same time, bring tremendous joy to the adoptive parents. There are situations where the birth mother can be actively involved if she desires. This is called an open adoption. There are various degrees from the child seeing the birth mother every day, to just writing letters.Another typewrite of adoption is the closed adoption. In it, the mother knows nothing of the adoptive parents. Adoption can shelter the mother from mental and physical issues that she would experience if she went through with an abortion. all over 100 physical complications have been associated with abortion. Some complications include infections, endotoxic shock, convulsions and even sterility. The psychological effects are even more prominent. Studies within the first weeks after abortion depict 40- 60% of women reported negative replys such as guilt, nervous disorders, sleep disturbances and regret.Some even required psychotropic medicine. I was an unrestrained wreck. The chase day I was empty, sad, and numb. I knew that day I had made a huge mistake. I wished with all my heart I would have done things differently, Carrie Camilleri s aid. The emotional and physical pain experienced by the patients also comes to some abortion doctors. A lot of the time, abortionists start to realize that what they are doing is morally wrong. They begin to show emotional and physical signs after every abortion they perform. Dr. McArthur, a former abortionist said, Abortion started to get to me in my dreams.I had a recurring nightmare in which I delivered a healthy, newborn baby. I held the baby up and faced a jury of faceless people, asking them what I should do with the baby. Thumbs up or thumbs down? On the floor underneath the baby was a bucket of water for drowning the baby if the jury gave a verdict of thumbs down. I never fructify the baby in the bucket because I would always wake up. Obvously, this man was disturbed and eventually quit the practice. Both the pain of the woman and the doctor macabre in comparison to the fate of the unwanted baby.Abortion is murder. I went to dictionary. com and searched life. It defined life as an organismic state characterized by capacity for metabolism, growth and reaction to stimili. And doesnt a fetus possess all these things? So therefore it is alive. I also searched murder which was defined as the brutal or cannibalic killing of a human being. Abortion is just that. Im not going to go into detail but, basically in most abortions, the doctors chop shot the baby into pieces then pull it out with plier like tools.So, to those of you who think abortion isnt painful to the baby, just imagine your baby sibling or cousin. Look through their eyes. Would it be painful to them? So, as you see, abortion is morally wrong because of the physical and emotional effects on both the doctors and patients and the fact that it is murder and therefore should not be supported. Also, abortion is a stupid decision when there is the rewarding option of adoption available. I encourage all of you to pass judgment your standing on abortion. And maybe even participate in the pro life movement. Thank you for listening.

Flipkart Report

INTRODUCTION E-COMMERCE E-commerce is short for electronic commerce. It is the business everywhere internet involving buying and food marketing ofproducts/services. E-commerce makes use of retri thation admittances for online consummations. It requires nice supply chain management, online proceeding processing, logistics strategies and control, inventory management systems and m some(prenominal) other automated softw ars and database collection systems. WEB-BASED E-COMMERCE ARCHITECTURE E-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE * cultivation infrastructure * mesh, LAN, WAN, routers, etc. Telecom cable TV, wireless, etc. * Messaging and information distri preciselyion infrastructure. * HTML, XML, e-mail, HTTP, etc. * Common business infrastructure * Security, authentication, electronic remuneration, directories, catalogues, etc. * The Internet * System of interconnected networks that spans the globe * Routers, TCP/IP, firew individu all in allys, network infrastructure. network protocols * The world Wide web (www) * Part of the Internet and allows users to share information with an easy-to-use interface * sack up browsers, web servers, HTTP, HTML Web architecture * Client/server systeml * N-tier architecture e. g. , web servers, application servers, database servers, scalability THE PROCESS OF E-COMMERCE * Attract guests * Advertising and marketing * act with customers * Catalogue, negotiation * Handle and manage pronounces * hostelry capture * Payment * Transaction * Fulfilment (physical good, service good, digital good) * React to Customer Enquiries * Customer service * Order tracking E-COMMERCE IN INDIAE-commerce in India is fluent nascent, but it is important for developing countries like India. The opportunities for E-commerce players are many due to rapid urbanisation and rising literacy grade and rapidly growing internet user population, advances in technology, growing adoption of computers, introduction of 3G and falling net access speak tos. The In ternet and Mobile Association of India (IMAI) estimated that Indias E-commerce market is growing 70% every year and 500% since 2007. Transactions In $ MillionsSegment-wise share in e-commerce market 2012 ABOUT FLIPKART Flipkart is an India based e-commerce company which belongs to the e-tailing (electronic retailing) sector. It is head-quartered at Bangalore and it initiated its operations in 2007. Flipkart was launched by a couple of young, enthusiastic friends, Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, who grew up together and studied at the prestigious IIT-Delhi, as an online retailing venture with the objective of reservation books accessible to individuals living in the all the parts of India.Sachin and Binny use to work for Amazon, which has a similar kind of business before quitting and opening up this impudently venture. Initially they used to sell just books on Flipkart and relied mainly on word of mouth for promotions. But in 2010, they started selling CDs, DVDs, Mobile phones and accessories, cameras, computers and in 2011 stationery, plate appliances, personal care items and health care products. It has now revenue of Rs. 500 crore within a span of just five years making t one of the largest e-commerce companies in India. The core value of Flipkart is strong focus on customer service. The major goal of the company is to provide its customers with an ultimate online shopping convey and for this they use many innovative policies like a 30-day replacement policy, EMI options, Cash on Delivery, free shipping, discounted rates, pre-paid online wallet and approximately important timely deliveryof all the products. This requires an extensive supply chain and logistics and distribution network.A network of over 500 distributors project been established by the company and it keeps only those items for which orders are placed ofttimes by the customers and the items that are rarely ordered are almost always sourced from the suppliers when such an order is receive d from the customers. The company owns four offices in each pipe city with a combined strength of more than five hundred employees. Fifteen courier companies such as Blue Dart, DHL etc. fuddle been sedulous to deliver the products and also Indian Post where courier service is not usable.Warehouses are there in seven cities including metros. One suffer track the order right from ordering an item to delivery. One can even pre-order an unreleased book from the website and that too on attractive prices and on top of that there is excellent customer service. Customer satisfaction, amazing customer experience and the discounted rates of items are the key factors that work in the favour of Flipkart. The company has a stock of nearly 12 million books making it the largest book retailer in India and it has eighty per cent share of the online book market in India.Access to internet, increasing number of iPads, judicious phones, latest technology that gives 3D images of products, time c onstraint consumers and increasing real estate costs required for offline stores gain lead to a shift to e-commerce businesses curiously to online retail stores. According to a survey done by Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, the online retail market in India may grow from Rs 20 billion in 2011 to Rs 70 billion by 2015 as internet access improves. INNOVATIVE SERVICES LAUNCHED BY FLIPKART PREPAID WALLET FEATURE * As a general wallet that is used to store funds in it and allows a person to barter for and enjoy products or services equivalent to the hard currency amount in it, Flipkart has adopted a prepaid wallet service to its e-commerce website platform that provides customers with an opportunity to store and keep money on the website and consume it to purchase different products, without the need to take out their debit entry cards or credit entry cards or net-banking for each and every transaction. The purpose of a prepaid Wallet is to make online trans actions easier and more cook for the customers as they will be spared from the hassle of taking out their credit card or debit card or net banking details each and every time they want to buy a product. Customers can fill their Online Wallets with up to Rs 10,000 by victimization any of the general payment methods like credit card, debit card and net-banking and then can consume it over multiple transactions. There is no termination date for the wallet and the cash stored in it can always be refunded back to the source utilize which payment was made. Flipkart. com has included wallet service in its e-commerce structure keeping in mind the ease and convenience of their regular customers those who make transactions multiple times during the month, and particularly when individual transactions are comprised of many small payments. Wallet allows the customers to make the payment just once and still involve in multiple transactions. This also makes sure that customers would not have to go through the bank payment verification processes each time they purchase something using the Flipkart. com.The wallet helps in cutting down the issues with payment gateway too. * Also by including the innovative prepaid e-wallet, the aim of the Flipkart is to shorten the duration of the order processes that would certainly make the online shopping much simpler, faster and totally rough-and-tumble free experience for their customers. * CASH ON DELIVERY * Flipkart launched the Cash on Delivery services for the customers who do not prefer to make an online payment. Using this payment mode, customers have to pay only when they receive the ordered item at their doorstep without any making any sort of advanced payment to Flipkart.Payment mode for this is strictly cash and the currency used can only be Indian Rupees. No discount coupons or e-vouchers can be availed while using this mode of payment. * India is a cash- driven economy with plastic cards penetration as low as 3% as of 20 12. Also the existing payment gateways and infrastructure are not in such good condition and a noticeable amount of transactions fail. Also people in India still perceive high risks in using credit/debit cards online and thus in online transactions. All these reasons led to Flipkart adopting such a mode of payment.But the most important reason was because it was the demand of customers and since Flipkart has the maximum focus on customer satisfaction, they went ahead and adopted Cash-on-delivery mode of payment. * Important factors while adopting Cash-on-delivery stupefy are that they have to deliver good products in good condition because if a product is not in good condition, customer cannot be expected to make the payment. They have to have their own collection and delivery network as they cant rely on a third person to collect cash for expensive items and give it to them.They need to have strong and consistent operations and they need to make timely delivery because if they fai l to do so, a customer is already lost for them for future. They also need to maintain customer relationships and respect customers so as to maintain long-term profitability from the customers. * Cash-on-delivery model has increased the gross sales of the company by great margins and Cash-on-delivery has become the most used mode of payment. But there as many downsides of using this model. Rejection rate of the products delivered through this model is as high as almost thirty per cent.Though this is lower than other Cash-on-delivery players, still it is too much. Generally the company has to incur Rs. 35-70 for every transaction involving cash-on-delivery, but the cost could reach as high as Rs. 100 in case there is rejection or if multiple trips are needed to deliver the order. Whereas when the transaction is carried out using credit/debit cards or net-banking, only 1-2 per cent of the transaction total value is taken by the online payment collaborator as service fee. Therefore u ntil and unless the transaction value is high enough, cash-on-delivery model cuts down the retailers margins by high values.Also cash-on-delivery model tends to block the works capital that could have been better used for expansion and growth. * REPLACEMENT POLICY * Flipkart provides a thirty day replacement policy for every product purchased from its website. Defects in any product can be highlighted by customers at the time of delivery or within thirty days from the date of delivery. No cost is charged for replacing the defected product. * Main objective of this policy is related to the core value of the company customer satisfaction.This policy makes customers feel much more secure about purchasing items online and helps build the company a strong trust with its customer base. PAYMENT GATEWAY OF FLIPKART Flipkart provides its customers with a hundred per cent safe transaction experience. Credit card payments are processed through the HDFC Bank payment gateway, as well as payment gateways (E Billing Systems/cc Avenue) that interface with mixed banks. The latest encryption technology is being used by HDFC bank to foster each customers credit card information.So as to cut across the information while information travels over the internet, it encrypts ones credit card number. HDFC also asks you to enter the three digit CVV (Credit Verification Value) number which follows credit card number and is given at the back of the card so as to make sure that the person carrying the transaction has the physical plastic card. Flipkarts main focus is on customer satisfaction and in this case also Flipkart. com offers the protection of highest standards so as to get a line that the shopping experience of each customer is private, safe and secure.Flipkart. com does not collect or store customers account information at all. Authorization of transaction takes place at multiple points, first by HDFC and subsequently by Visa/MasterCard/AMEX secure directly without any infor mation passing through them. Payment Options * Flipkart accepts all MasterCard, Visa credit cards and AMEX. * Flipkart do not accept any international credit cards on Flipkart. com at this stage. * Apart from Credit and debit Cards, payments are accepted by Flipkart by Internet Banking, Cash-on-Delivery and Equated Monthly Instalments (EMI).All Credit/Debit card details remain confidential and private. SSL encryption technology is used by Flipkart and their trusted payment gateways so as to protect the customers card information. SSL encryption technology Netscape developed a protocol right Sockets Layer (SSL) for moving the private documents over the Internet. A cryptographic system is being used by SSL that uses two keys to encrypt data ? a everyday key that is known to everyone and a private or secret key which is known only to the recipient of the message.Many Web sites use the SSL protocol to obtain and protect confidential users personal information, such as credit card numb er. URLs that use SSL connection have to start with https instead of http which is nothing but Secure HTTP. But both SSL and S-HTTP have different uses. Where a secure connection between a client and a server is created by SSL, over which unlimited amount of data can be sent securely, individual messages are transmitted securely using S-HTTP. SSL and S-HTTP are therefore complementary sooner than competing technologies. DIFFERENT METHODS ADOPTED BY FLIPKART Auto redirection to banking site Customers are automatically redirected to the page of respective banks where the information is required to be filled. Thus Flipkart never lands you on CC Avenue page unlike most other ecommerce sites. Hence Flipkart skips an unnecessary page by passing the needed parameters directly to CC Avenue. * Banks position Flipkart maintains its own real time status to check whether the net banking service of particular bank is working. So the customers come to know about a puzzle prior to entering that banks website.ONLINE PAYMENT PROCESSING SERVICES CC Avenue 1) Uses secure servers throughout and adopt stringent security measures to ensure that sensitive information such as customers personal details is protected. 2) Customers enter all their personal information and Credit Card details on ICICIs E-Payments (Payseal) and Citibanks secure servers and the same is encrypted before it is transmitted over the Internet to the getting Banks. 3) Additionally CC Avenues server is behind security firewalls to ensure maximum protection of your customers information. EBS (E-BILLING SOLUTIONS)For better encryption of data, it uses seven architecture model which helps in protecting the client information. hi-tech Axis, HDFC and Citibanks secure servers are used to authorize all credit card transactions and the same is encrypted before it is transmitted over the Internet to the Acquiring Banks. To ensure maximum protection of customers information, EBS servers are also behind the security fir ewalls. This guarantees that the buyers information is not available to any third party. EBS makes use of the best amongst the industry standards the VeriSign technology, which ensures the complete security of the data.A/B FRAMEWORK UNIQUE FRAMEWORK USED BY FLIPKART The modeling has two components Through the first one the performance of the website is measured using various inflection which are pre-defined. The second one uses an A/B material that allows different versions of the website to be available simultaneously which is used to check the success of the advertising campaigns over the website. Thus the company conducts live and real experiments by amusive a small portion of the traffic and studying the results. Both components work together and simultaneously.The websites performance on various parameters is measured by the metrics tool which is kind of a dashboard. For example, systems are immediately warned in case the transaction rate goes down below a certain limit. Flipkarts engineers can also rapidly implement and check their ideas using the A/B component. When someone proposes a raw(a) idea, a lot of precious time is spend debating what-if scenarios. Using this framework an idea can be implemented while mitigatingits risks. For example, the A/B framework redirects ten per cent of the Flipkarts traffic to the new design/idea whenever an engineer changes the design of any page.Through this they can evaluate and analyze the effect of the changes using the metrics tool for collection. If it does not lead to any productive result, they can immediately change it back, and only less than ten per cent of traffic is impacted. The Benefits Since the tool has been introduced sometime around mid-2010, Flipkart now sells more than 20 types of products, taking the sales up to Rs 75 crore a month. In fact, during the last eight quarters, Flipkart has been able to double its revenue each quarter.

Confession of a Pop-Culture Addict Essay

Now that I have your attention, Id deal to come to my topic about the ascendancy and deprivation that pop culture has made first of all, I believe that pop culture is a reflection of social change, and not the cause of social change. I say this because many researchers have come across the question how would teens react to a certain translate? How much power does popular culture truly have? Media seems to be perceived as the bother in every corner, when in fact humanity is just evolving. Why question diversity? And why must we humans put a reason and a cause towards a dilemma that doesnt necessarily follow a certain culture?The fairly aged generation may make do and say that media is the devil. In my opinion, I believe they are just contradicting themselves how can one side with media when it fits their cultural beliefs and previous experiences merely side against it when media previews other point of society views? Pop-culture is all around us indeed. Music, television, and lane posters are one of the most commonly used methods in viewing media. The pros and cons of pop culture reflect each other out. To me, media is a matter of optimism and pessimism for example, is the cup half empty, or half full? a more related example to our current intent style are women in the virtual world.A little inside about how women are perceived in media is that they are tall, thin, organized, and always running a perfect, healthy life style. An optimistic person would find this as a motivational push to his/her life whereas a pessimistic person would find these goals unreachable, and wouldnt try pushing themselves to their limits. Thus, media is not the influencer neither the influence, but rather a source of entertainment and a way of propagating information to the world in gear up to stay united as one union.

Moods of Norway

Moods of Norway case indicated many interesting issues relating to blur management study. In this paper, first, we outline two recognize challenges that Moods argon facing, then analyze the blot based on CBBE pyramid, and final examly suggest two merchandise programs that the company should invest. 1. Key challenges The first challenge facing Moods of Norway is expanding the business to U. S. This is alship rotteral a profitable entirely risky opportunity for every firm, including Moods of Norway. The company with free styling wants to just go to the U. S. and see what happens (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 15). However, U.S. commercialize one of the most knotty markets in the world has many implicit challenges for Moods. Firstly, their rat is unknown in United States. Therefore, they need to base on the local sales agents and distri moreoverors in the U. S. Although they had a five-year contract with CAA the conduct talent agency their profit ordaining depend o n the CAAs success that is affected by the fit between the two companies. For example, CAA has not many experiences with distributing fashion crossroads. Secondly, the U. S. customers preferences in color, fabric, size, etc. ar several(predicate) from Norwegian customers.Moods products moldiness be pliant. This means they might need other suppliers and manufacturers to change their products. Finally, the most unenviable question for the company is how they can bring their companys concept to America and convince U. S. customers to profane their products based on that concept. Beca drop they combine Norwegian nature and ordinary stories into their design that makes their product be uncommon and succeed in Norway, hence it is not easy to translate it for the customers outside the boorish. Even if they can adorn their stories clearly, non-Nordic customers whitethorn not be interested in those products.As Dahlkvist expressed, they should do the design in the U. S. , to really larn a feel for what moves around in that country and how to do it (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 15) but observable risks will pr even sot them from doing it. The second key challenge that Moods should consider is expanding the womens app atomic number 18l line, which is likewise a coarse opportunity. Mens garment accounted for 70% of Moods sales while women shop to a greater extent in general. Thus, in that respect is an opportunity for growth here. However, Moods should seriously consider the challenge they will face. First, womens garments market is more competitive than mens clothing market.The market is very fragmented with many competitors representing different styles in all price segments. Many brands have been around for a long time and have gained customers loyalty. It will be difficult for Moods to enter the market in any segment. Second, womens clothing styles atomic number 18 more complicated with different types of clothes. While mens clothes are limited with some universal types such as suits, shirts, and T-shirts, womens clothes have a wide throw up of types from dresses, blouses to skirts, cardigans, etc. To repay sales, the designs must be much diversified and fast changeable.Thus, some Moods adjustments are necessary, and Moods may face a dilemma of how to keep the moods unique while diversifying the styles to generate revenue. Third, designing womens clothes considers different techniques. The two main designers of Moods specialized in designing mens clothes, which is simpler than womens. Hence, the company needs to hire bare undergo designers for womens line. However, even with extra designers, keeping the look and lifestyle image of womens clothing in line with the rest of the company message is still a challenge for Moods. 2. Moods of Norway brand canvass place Salience steel salience measures awareness of the brand (Keller 2008. 60). Although Moods management team is interested in expanding as a lifestyle brand, pe ople still think of as it a fashion brand, which mainly reducees on anthropoid clothing. However, the brand reached a very high level of awareness in Norway where 85% of its sales happened. wholeness of the evidences is that when customers and partner companies sought Norwegian Design, they sought Moods (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 5). Moods of Norway is a fashion leader in the country that even Norwegian Police Department approached Moods to design their uniforms.This high level of awareness partly convey to the little competition Moods has to face in Norway. Moods also used some other effective ways to raise the awareness. One of those is the fashion show, which was the biggest fashion event in Norway. Other contributors to the high awareness are the pink boat and the image of three owners as a rock band. stigmatise performance The product itself is at the heart of brand equity and brand performance describes how hearty the product or inspection and repair meets custo mers functional needs (Keller 2008, 64). Following is Moods brand performance measured by some attributes and benefits.Regarding primary ingredients and auxiliary features, Moods is doing well with choosing fabric from partners in Paris and Istanbul, who provide the best materials for Moods collections based on the requirements of quality, color and even style of button. This leads to the undecomposed quality of final products, which help Moods sell them at medium-plus price range. In marches of style and design, Moods products are unique and complaisant in priapic clothing market because it reflects not only the moods of fun and happiness but also the style of cultural tales that Norwegians love.However, Moods still need to improve designs in female market, which is still the weak point of the company. In addition, service is also an important part add positively to performance of brand. It seems that Moods has not pay much attention to customer service. This could be a faul t point for Moods to perform well in the highly competitive market like US market. Brand Imagery Brand imagery links mainly to four intangible aspects (Keller 2008, 65). First, in name of drug user profiles, some 70% of Moods customers are male. While company is interested in expanding the age range, the target customers are at age of 18 35.However, Moods is facing a dilemma that a balance needed to be maintained between broadening their target group and remaining a cool brand (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 13). Second, regarding purchase and usage situations, Moods products are nearly limited with T-shirts and suits but coer a wide range of situations that people can wear. The situations are suggested by the companys three original clothing lines, which are cocktails, street and casual. Moreover, the designers also make effort of generating new ideas by imagining scenarios requiring special clothes.Third, Moods brand has a gilt personality that is cool, fun, and happy. Thi s also creates values for customers that they have the feeling of connecting to their clothes in each situation. Finally, Moods of Norway does very well in using hi accounting, heritage to create the uniqueness for their products. Moods clothing lines tell their authentic, line up and real story of Norwegians heritage. The story layers have great value in getting customers to spend time thinking near Moods products, which is good for remembering the brand (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 3).Although this concept is highly successful in Norway, it is very difficult to apply to other markets. This requires Moods to develop another story to tell in US market. Brand Judgments Brand Judgments and Brand Feelings are both(prenominal) of brand responses that elicit the proper customer responses to this brand identification and brand meaning (Keller 2008, 60). From the performance and imagery of Moods of Norway, we know partly about the customers evaluation of the brand. Following the P ossible Measures of Brand Building Blocks that is given by Keller (2008, 75), firstly, Moods bring good value for customers.Indeed, they not only provide the clothing products for customer, but also provide a chance to interact with their clothes by inscribing the lore on its inside. Customers receive more value and feel more satisfied by Moods of Norways fun stories. Secondly, in comparison with standardized goods, fashion collections for the winter are not the same for the summer and its change over years continuously. Hence, customers judge the brand based on the success of previous products, other customers and oddly in designers reputation.By borrowing associations from its high-qualified designers and owners, Moods become trustworthy and credible brand (Keller 2008, 305). People buy their products because they can trust the Moods Boys innovativeness and uniqueness. As mentioned in the case When customers and partner companies sought Norwegian Design, they sought Moods, the br and likability is quite high in Norway. In addition, they always are the leader in domestic market. Hence, Moods actually is the fashion expert in customers eyes in Norway. Finally, Moods of Norway is only company that designed the lore into the clothes themselves.Because all these stories are true and authentic, consumer feel the clothes more related to them. When customers love the story, they will also think that the product is pertinent to buy. Consequently, Scandinavians buy products of Moods because it is superior compared to others. Brand Feelings Clothing products of Moods bring the warmness to customers by reminding them of old-world, traditional customs, etc. In addition, the clothes combined traditional Norwegian style and the modern fashion scene (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 2), therefore, it is so fun and exciting for customers.For instance, the image of tractor on the suit is so surprising and interesting. Especially, Mood Boys often turn out in vivid dresses w ith the pink fishing boat. The image of the boy band is not only the designers image, but also is the brand image. They really inspire customers by fun and crazy feelings. Brand Resonance This is the final step of Kellers CBBE model that focuses upon the ultimate relationship and level of identification that the customer has with the brand (Keller 2001, 15).Based on the cases limited information, in our viewpoint, they have many loyal Norwegian customers with high attachment, especially 15-20 year olds who think Moods of Norway is more successful than StatOil the large Norwegian Oil Company (Austin, ODonnell, and Krogh 2009, 8). Because Moods relies on article of mouth to marketing their products, so they should have a great brand community in both online and offline. In addition, to enforce the relationship with customers, Moods must make customers engaged to the brand. They should create more value for frequently customers and satisfy them by organizing some fun activities. . Su ggested Marketing Programs Moods of Norway are facing two major problems promoting Moods brand to American market and developing clothing line for women. Two following brief marketing programs are supposed to solve these problems respectively. Promoting Moods brand to American market Firstly, penetrating American market by corroborative exporting is very important for new entrant. Based on limited capacity and resources, they must focus on one or two big cities where is profitable for fashion industries in America (Los Angeles, sunrise(prenominal) York, Chicago or Boston).Now they have one store in Los Angeles but it is not sufficient. They must expand their market share via many distributors and agents. While enhancing the relationship with Creative Artists Agency, they should get bigger distribution to other important stores. Secondly, making the Moods brand different from other fashion products but still apprehensible is also essential. That means they must not only focus on their uniqueness (adding lore to clothes themselves) but also create more fun and less regional stories about clothes.Thirdly, they have to work special fashion collections in America as much as possible. They also can use the image of colorful tractor as an association to inspire and make American customers unforgettable. Especially, Moods Boys must appear on American TV, magazines frequently because their impressive appearance affect directly to Moods brands awareness. Using celebrities to corroborate Moods clothing also increase the customers associations, judgments, and feelings (Keller 2008, 305).Finally, based on analyzing American market carefully, their image should be adaptable to fit American style but still homogeneous in all countries. Expanding the womens clothing line To conquer womens clothing market, Moods should seriously take some actions. First, Moods should improve their products in term of designs so that their products are attractive enough to female customer s. Currently, Moods have only two main designers who are specialized in designing mens clothes while womens clothes require different kinds of technical design.Hiring Project Manager Helen Marie Rod who had experience with some famous brands is a good step for expanding womens clothing line. However, to diversify their product, Moods still need to hire extra designers who are experienced in designing for women. Second, for womens clothes, the company should consider adjusting some personalities to fit female clothing market. They can keep their main moods that are fun and happiness, except rock stars and wild moods that are not considered favorable for majority of women.Third, because fashion shows are the primary marketing activity for the company and the shows are effective, Moods should continue this. However, to rear and increase awareness of the womens clothing line, Moods should hold a fashion show particularly for women. They should also consider other types of advertising s uch as Internet or fashion magazines because those sources can comfortably access potential female customers. Fourth, in term of distribution, in the beginning, Moods can still combine products for male and female in same stores. Nevertheless, in future, they can divide the stores separately.Finally, yet importantly, Moods should consider selling accessories on with womens clothing line because accessory is a very important part of womens style. Moods may design their own accessory line or cooperate with other accessory brand that fits Moods brand personality. To conclude, Moods of Norway has many favorable conditions to succeed in American market and female clothing line. Based on Kellers CBBE model (2008), we propose two marketing program investments to not only enhance the original brand position but also take advantage of potential opportunities to companys expansion.By combine traditional style and contemporary tendencies, then applying proper strategies for brand building, Moods of Norway could be high successful in the competitive world of fashion. Appendix Good quality Nice style Medium-plus price points Mostly for men, 18 35 Music and artist style Clothing, Shoes, Eyewear Resonance Loyalty Attachment Feelings Warmness Fun fervor Imagery Good value Trustworthiness Relevance Superiority Judgments Performance Salience Figure 1 Moods of Norway CBBE Pyramid

Inside Islam notes Essay

Islam heart and soul Peace and endurance (The peace that comes from submission, the attention to God that comes from peace.) Allah Akbar means God is great.Sunni = 85% of Moslem population Shia = 10% Sufi less than 5% Islam is not only a religion of the Middle East largest population of Moslems is in India. Largest Islamic country is Indonesia. Of same faith tradition as both Christians and JewsMuslims & Jews are both monotheistic, discord only on mainly messianic theology Places of worship differ yet can coexist Spain fostered all three Abrahamic faiths during pre-Ferdinand and Isabella era (pre-1492)Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early days & jump vision, Quran, 1st backbone shahadah, and start of second pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIoMuslims descended from Hagar and Ishmael, who fled to the vacate Abraham, according to Muslim legend, built KabaQuraysh tribe controlled Mecca as trading city. Later put icons and statues of m ingled tribal Gods inside Kaba so Mecca would become even more important as a pilgrimage site. Muhammad was born several generations later in 570 AD into a wealthy family. His dad died, his granddaddy sent him to live with trading caravans. As a young man he became a skilful caravanier, married Khadijah Muhammad illiterate, so others recorded his recitationsQuran means recitation, a mix of poetry, stories, admonitions, advice and warnings.Part 3 of 9 second pillar (prayer) act, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of tertiary pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1Muhammad gave sermons against polytheism to pilgrims arriving at the Kaba in Mecca was persecuted by Quraish Muhammad had no strong political ally, few followers initially. Journeyed to Yathrib (later named Medina, City of the Prophet) to intercede dispute between city states. Became year 0 in Islamic calendar, 622 CE. Set up first Islamic community (Ummah )Meccans were enraged, attacked Medina to destroy Muslims.Battle of Badr, outnumbered by Meccans, yet Medinans wonMuslims triumphed630 AD Muslims returned to MeccaCleansed Abrahams numinous temple (Kaba) of idols of pilgrims, kept the Kaba (lit. cube) as the important expression of monotheism Offered Meccans freedom for peace, many rebornArab tribes came to pay tri ande to Muhammad and convertUmayyads 1st dynasty 750 Within a century of Muhammads death Muslims controlled more land than the Roman EmpireTurkey to parts of China. Jews and Christians were exempt from conversion to Islam3rd pillar good-will is heavily emphasized in the Quran, even more than the subordinate status of womenPart 4 of 9 3rd pillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty Crusades Mongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=13rd Pillar Charity From everything you aver you give 2.5%All money collected must be given to those in claim unmatchable must follow the fast during the mon th of Ramadan as the 4th pillar Fast lasts from sunrise manger sunsetExceptions are make for the sick, weak, children, and the mothers who are expecting Its a time to intensify your efforts to build your alliance with God The festival of the great Eid (Lit. festival) of the breaking of the fast Shia split from the Sunni after the death of Hussein (680 AD) at that place was a discrepancy of how leaders should be put in place Shia believed that leaders should be forecast descendants of Muhammad Sunni believed leadersshould be elected democratically8th century golden age in Iraq, Abbasid dynasty arose in Bagdad Abbasids valued learning, Greek philosophy and natural science. Algebra invented, decimals, exponents.Medicine developed, orthopedics, mental illness treatment, surgery. Crusades Jerusalem is 3rd most sacred city for Muslims1099 Christians slaughter 30k Muslims1258 Genghis Khans grandson & his Mongols plundered BagdadPart 5 of 9 Mongol era 5th Pillar, Hajj in Spain, interfai th cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo& let=relatedThe Mongol Khan becomes a Muslim,Lesser pilgrimage can be taken to Mecca at any time of the year (min 030) Hajj, the greater pilgrimage, occurs only once a year a. Ihram1 = 2 white cloths in which you will be buried are worn during Hajj, significance is equality, Ihram2 is also = nonbelligerent demeanor to accept all as brothers & sisters.b. Ablution (ritual washing) leads to first stage circumambulation 7 times God is the axis of rotation of ones life c. 2nd step is to march between 2 hills representing Hagars anticipate for water for Ismael represents ones struggle in life d. Next day they travel to the manifest of Arafat. Pilgrims walk in quiet prayer confessing sins at Mount of Arafat. e. Next, to Mina to throw stones at 3 pillars representing Satan, sins are forgiven f. Last event prayer service at KabaMuslim scholars preserved publications from hordes711 CE Muslims arrive at Gibraltara. Called Moors, dwel led in Andalusia, cities of Cordoba & Seville b. Horticulture, math, navigation developedc. Muslim, Jewish & Christian scholars worked together became a source for the RenaissancePart 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1Reconquista, Christian re-conquest of Spain expelling Moors and forcing conversion or expulsion of Jews 1492 the Moors were kicked out of Spain1453 Greek Constantinople fell to Muslim troops name changed to Istanbul = Islam in Abundance Sultan was the ruler of Islamic Ottoman society. Sultan means ruler Sultans Harem (Haram forbidden, taboo) group of concubines, in Western eyes they are dens of iniquity, but in Islamic practice they were centers of protection for women and sources for caucusing about political power Islamic polygamy all wives need to be treated equallyWomens rights clearly defined in QuranQuran tried to do away(predicate) with negativism toward women.Gave women basic rights,To own p roperty,receive inheritance,vote (1300 years to begin with western societies permitted it),choose first mateThe hijab the cloth that Islamic women wear on their heads Symbol of humility before God became a symbolization of oppression in eyes of West Burka refers to a total body coveringIn the 1800s the Europeans start taking advantage of the Islamic world, esp with Industrial Revolution Ottomans weakened, starting with Napoleons invasion of Egypt.Part 7 of 9 Suez Canal France colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1Colonial sense of superiority disparaged MuslimsFrance took over northern Africa and the northern part of the Middle East, discouraging Arabic run-in and Islamic faith. England expanded into Egypt after creating the Suez Canal, also taking the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Iraq. Ottomans sided with Germany in WWI, so England & France took Muslim lands when Germany lost (min 240) Muslim Brotherhood arose in Egy pt in 1928Some Muslim states encouraged western style central authoritarian dictatorships Muslim Brotherhood resisted these. Following WW2 Muslims throughout European colonies rose up, demanding release from the European counties. Mohammad ibn Abdul Wahab became a leader in the Islamic world, preaching an ascetic, puritanical form of Islam Created Wahabism, founded Saudi State, merging desert warrior olfactory property with puritanical reform. Very fundamental and tooth root form of IslamWas supported by Saud family, who would become rulers of Saudi Arabia vegetable oil gave Saudis great wealth allowing them to expand Wahabist beliefs. Giving the money to organizations has caused an even more radical group of beliefs to raise Jihad = struggle. The greater jihad is the struggle of ones will against ones passions and weaknesses, an midland struggle. The lesser jihad is a defensive war, using just war criteria. Some groups called for a radical Jihad war against western nations Th e end justifying the means leads to terrorism.Osama Bin-Laden in particularPart 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPcMalcolm X We (blacks) did not land on Plymouth Rock the rock-and-roll was landed on us Walhid Farad formed the Nation of IslamElijah Poole joined him changed name to Elijah Muhammad & took charge in 1934 Malcolm Little heard about Nation of Islam in Prison, changed name to Malcolm X Malcolm X What was your name before you lost it?Malcolm X came back from hajj inspired to join Nation of Islam to traditional Islam Gunned down By 1975, Elijahs son brought about Malcolm Xs dream changed name to World Community of Islam Louis Farrakhan continued in old ways of separationIsrael made a state in 1948. In 6 Day War in 1967 tensions increased with Muslims 1978 Irans Shah fell to Shiite Ayatollah Khomeini US cast as gigantic Satan Students took US embassy workers in Tehran as hostages for 444 days Sadat in Egypt assassinated he had sign(a) a peace treaty with Israel. Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 coalition lead by US stopped him, imposed no-fly ZonePart 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & nirvana wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=19/11 made people aware not only of radical fringe of Islam, but also of the peaceful Muslim neighbors. Even in heaven one cannot see GodPleas for peaceFew stable & carnival Muslim governments have replaced colonial governmentsPart 1 of 9 Intro and basic facts http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAjsu1ATrts Part 2 of 9 Pre Muslim Mecca, Quraish tribe, Muhammads early years & first vision, Quran, 1st pillar shahadah, and start of 2nd pillar prayer http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtFkhC7DIIo Part 3 of 9 2nd pillar (prayer) continued, Muhammad gains followers, conflict with Meccans, Hijra, to Ummayad dynasty beginning of 3rd pillar http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h4bcCSsc9A&NR=1 Part 4 of 9 3rdpillar, charity, continued 4th pillar, Ramadan, Abbasid dynasty CrusadesMongols http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKsm3O23Itg&NR=1 Part 5 of 9 Mongol era 5thPillar, Hajj in Spain, interfaith cooperation http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXWJDY8AsFo&feature=related Part 6 of 9 Spain, Ottoman Empire place of women Colonialism http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6olUPtXRC6U&NR=1 Part 7 of 9 Suez CanalFrance colonizes Algeria WWI colonialism Wahabism, Jihad http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=IH2lGUr7eJ4&NR=1 Part 8 of 9 Malcolm X Israel Iran hostage crisis, Iraq http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKHuc0ehFPc Part 9 of 9 Suicide bombing Islamic hell & heaven wrap up http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=egTCPablawQ&NR=1

Development of the Welfare State

What factors piddle led to the emergence of the British upbeat posit? The British eudaimonia cite has an impact on our lives on a daily basis and has been transformed since its initial developments in the early 19th century. I will be exploring the social, economic and governmental factors that led to the development of the British welfare state up to 1945, and I will assess the most dominate features at the time and those that are still prevalent at heart the on-line(prenominal) welfare system today.The historical origins of the British welfare state can be dated to Elizabethan times with the introduction of the Poor right (1601) which dealt with welfare at a local anesthetic level. This was the for the first time instance where the government attempted to ensure that the poor had the means to live. This continued until the impacts of the Industrial rotary motion called for changes in the grooming for the poor. From the late 18th century British society was existence transformed through economic and industrial growth.There was a revolution in the use of land in the performance of raw goods, and technological advances in the use of machinery and the manufacture of goods. The state allowed markets to operate freely without regulation. There was besides a mass migration of people moving from t consumes to the cities seeking work. Many of these people were dependent on employment within the factories and on the assembly lines. Although there were galore(postnominal) benefits from industrialisation on the economic front, urbanisation created a large concentration of people in many areas, his fart to major problems with health and housing.In addition, when jobs were no longer avail open, men were unable to take for their families. The family unit was often broken with most fathers travelling many miles to their place of work. Many women and children were likewise forced to find employment as a result of being widowed and orphaned. Poverty, une mployment along with many other social issues became a recognised problem within the fresh urban communities. In line with these economical and social changes there were also changes taking place within the political sphere. The growth of political democracy and the centralisation of governmental powers (Pierson.C 2006, p16) led to more rival between the British liberal and conservative political parties in of the time. It could therefore be suggested that political forces cooperateed to figure out the welfare state. It can be argued that developments in state welfare were a direct response to most of the problems generated by the changing nature for society through industrialisation and the social risks related to this. The Poor Law amendments (1834) meant that only those who were really in need, for example the poorest paid workers would receive support.These reforms differentiated between the deserving and unworthy poor. Individuals were expected to submit to degrading and s hameful procedures to receive any benefit.. thus only the completely destitute, would be prepared to come forward for help(Blakemore. K 2003, p42). The workhouse was introduced to force people to work in rewrite to receive their benefits. This transformed public attitudes to towards poverty, whereby being poor and dependant of benefits became shameful and those receiving support were increasingly stigmatized. otherwise laws were also passed such as the Factory Act (1883) which aimed to reform the working conditions of factory workers by lawfully enforcing a ten-hour day and rules governing the employment of children(Alcock. C 2006,p19). This Act especially focused on women and children, and also enforced health and safety regulations, in addition, employers had to comply with educational classes for employees during the working day. At this point, it is patent that although state involvement was limited because of the dominant liberal principals of the time.Yet, there were the be ginnings of a new beauracratic approach in state intervention. The Boer Wars (1880-1881,1899-1902) were fought between Britain and Holland as part of Britains empire building mission. The economic and human cost was evident following the two wars. Britain was faced with a country that inevitable rebuilding and a population that needed comfort and confidence from their leaders. The wars also highlighted the extent of poverty and poor health within the unskilled parturiency classes which showed that there was a strong need for welfare reform.Following these wars, David Lloyd George and his Liberal Party enacted the issue redress Act 1911 setting up a national policy contribution for unemployment and health benefits such as sick pay and maternity pay. The government introduced limited unemployment benefits, with old age pensions, and job centres available to help people find jobs, paid for by national insurance contributions and income taxes. Although this proposal was limited, it offered greater social welfare provision than the previous Poor Laws.However, benefits were subject to a contribution basis, and those benefits would run out once the contributions were used. The scheme was not designed to provide widespread relief in a period of mass unemployment (Hill. M 2006,p24). Although this act appeared to have some benefits, there were also many issues, and the majority of people were not able to could not cope financially without being able to work. Most of these policies remained in place throughout the first world war (1913-1918) and the Great Depression.However, during World War I, Britain experienced conscription for the first time and this lead to changes within the workforce as many women took up employment in a range of roles to support the war effort the beneficial effects of regular employment, longer hours and rising wages was offset by rapidly rising prices of essential goods (Thane. P 1996,p120). It can be suggested here that the effects of the wars called for immediate changes in the welfare state especially in relation to unemployment, health, housing and disability benefits. The Labour Government of 1945, were dogged to eliminate poverty, ill health, and social deprivation.Their social and economic policies were driven by the partys own ideals and long-term objectives. William Beveridge was a government adviser to Winston Churchill. He filled his report and made recommendations about reforms to the provision of welfare. Beverigde based the principles of his report by seeking to establish a unified universal social insurance social system (Thane. P 1996, p 232). This led to the introduction of many social security schemes including the National Insurance Act 1946 and the National Assistance Act 1948, which dealt with sickness and unemployment benefits and retirement pensions.These acts and reforms formed the basis for the welfare state that has been accomplished over time. From the early 18th century, there was a mixtu re of factors that lead to the development of the welfare state in Britain. These reforms and developments in welfare provision were a direct response to economic, political and social changes taking place at the time. Welfare reform persists to change today within its current framework, and continues to respond to these factors which are often interlinked and constantly shifting. References Blakemore,K. (2003) kind Policy An Introduction (Open University Press) Burnett,J. 1994) Idle Hands The own of Unemployment 1790-1990 (Routledge) Hill,M. (2000) Understanding Social Policy (Blackwell) Fraser,D. (1984) The Evolution of the British Welfare State A History of Social Policy Since the Industrial Revolution (MacMillan) Goodin, R. E. , & Mitchell, D. (2000). The Foundations of the Welfare State, Part I, London Edward Elgar Publishers Pierson,C. (1998) Beyond the Welfare State The wise Political Economy of Welfare (Polity Press) Pierson,P. (2001). The New Politics of the Welfare Stat e, Oxford Oxford University Press. Thane, (1982) The Foundations of the Welfare State in Britain 1945-1960 (Longman)